Coumarins as Potential Antiprotozoal Agents: Biological Activities and Mechanism of Action

Transition Metal‐Free Diastereoselective Synthesis of β‐Carboline Tethered Dihydrofurocoumarin Derivatives

“…Additionally, in order to investigate the significance of solvent on the reaction yields, we employed different solvents such as H 2 O, EtOH, MeOH and THF; however, the anticipated product was obtained in moderate yields only (48-67 %, Table 1, entries 18-21). Further, the effect of other aromatic bases like quinoline, imidazole, and benzimidazole was examined by employing on the reaction yield but inseparable mixture of products was obtained (Table 1, entries [22][23][24]. The screening studies inferred that reaction of an Figure 2.…”

“…[16] Similarly, both coumarins and furans are also useful building blocks that have been extensively used for the synthesis of various bioactive natural and synthetic products. [17] An amalgam of these two pharmacophores (coumarin and furan); furocoumarins have garnered consider-able attention in medicinal chemistry due to their wide range of biological properties including anticancer, [18] antimicrobial, [19] anticoagulant, [20] anticonvulsant, [21] antifungal, [22] antiviral, [23] antiprotozoal, [24] insecticidal, [25] antimycobacterial, [26] antimutagenic, [27] anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. [28] Therefore, the versatile therapeutic applications of furocoumarins have fueled a significant interest in the development of benign synthetic methods.…”

Effective Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Functionalized 2,3-Dihydrofuro[3,2-c]coumarins via an Imidazole-Catalyzed Green Multicomponent Approach

“…Warfarin, brodifacoum, dicumarol, coumatetralyl, coumafuryl, and difenacoum are well-known examples of current drugs molecules that possess 4-hydroxy coumarin as a core structural moiety. − Moreover, wedelolactone, coumestrol, and neo-tanshinlactone are emerging potential candidates to this end that revealed promising activities (Figure ). , Recently, trans -2,3-dihydrofuro­[3,2- c ]­coumarins (DHFCs) (derivatives of 4-hydroxy coumarin) are of great interest among coumarins possessing a unique 4 H -furo ring fused with coumarin, which are well-known for their medicinal importance, therapeutic activities, and applications in myriad pharmaceutical ingredients. , Several drug candidates containing the furo­[3,2- c ]­coumarin and DHFC skeleton display an extremely wide range of biological activities such as anticoagulant, antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, antiviral, anticonvulsant, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, insecticidal, fungicidal, antimycobacterial, antimutagenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. − For instance, natural products austocystin A and D and neo-tanshinlactone isolated from the maize meal cultures of Aspergillus ustus and Salvia miltiorrhiza, respectively, displayed potent antitumor activities and cytotoxicity against breast cancer. , In addition, naphthalene-functionalized DHFCs are known as antioxidant and anthelmintic agents …”