Coulomb Potentials Have Strong Effects on Anion Electronic States

Simons, Jack

doi:10.1021/jp402474d

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Also, electron charged states at relatively higher energy levels than electron unoccupied states mainly contribute to electron transfer in contact electrification between insulators. Therefore, additional the energy bands due to anions which have electron charged states or due to cations which have electron unoccupied states effect ionic doping in PVA …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, additional the energy bands due to anions which have electron charged states or due to cations which have electron unoccupied states effect ionic doping in PVA. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33] CaCl 2 electrolyte which has more anions, creates high-energy electron charged states in PVA (see Figure 2 and Figure S4, Supporting Information). The additional electron charged states in CaCl 2 -PVA 0.75 m based SPE enhance the charge transferred potential of the SPEs in a contact electrification process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High‐Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Solid Polymer Electrolytes with Asymmetric Pairing of Ions

Ryu

Lee

Kim

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

140

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The power output of TENGs strongly depends on the selection of the contact materials. [16] For high output, the two contact layers of a TENG should preferably be on opposite sides of the triboelectric series. [17] Due to the highest electron affinity, fluoroplastics such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are the most suitable for the negative contact layer for TENGs. [18] On the other hand, though some dielectric materials such as nylon are relatively more positive than metals like gold (Au) and aluminum (Al), metals are the best candidates for the positive contact layer as they have sufficient free electrons to transfer during contact electrification. [18] For this reason, metal-polymer pairs, specifically metal-PTFE pairs, are mostly utilized for TENGs. In addition, in order to enhance the output performance of the TENGs, various approaches are proposed. Surface functionalization is carried out in order to enhance the charge transfer ability of the contact layer by treating with materials such as poly-l-lysine, [19] F 13 -RCS silane, [19] or fluorine plasma (CF 4 , C 4 F 8 ). [20] Surface morphology is generally carried out in order to increase the area of triboelectrification by incorporating various micropatterns on the surface. [8] Nevertheless, surface morphology requires extra fabrication steps, [8,21] and both the surface functionalization and the surface morphology control suffer from poor durability. [8] Although importance of controlling workfunction of triboelectric material is already emphasized, [22] there are still lack of material itself improvement. Due to all these reasons, it is necessary to improve the triboelectric property of the material itself in order to have durable, high output TENGs.Here, we investigate the reliable ionic doping effect on the triboelectric property of polymer contact layers for high-performance TENGs for the first time. We successfully demonstrate through KPFM measurements that electrolytes with asymmetric pairing of ions can significantly enhance the triboelectric property of polymers. The addition of CaCl 2 , which has more anions than cations, can make PVA one of the most positive triboelectric materials. Likewise, H 3 PO 4 , which has more cations than anions, can make PVA one of the most negative triboelectric materials. In order to observe the corresponding enhancement in output power, we realized a contact mode TENG with CaCl 2 -PVA-based SPE and PTFE as the contact layers and found that the SPE-based TENG provides dramatically higher output In general, various kinds of surface modifications are utilized to enhance the power output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), but they typically have limited stability. Here, a new strategy of adding electrolytes with asymmetric ion pairing to polymer friction layers of TENGs is introduced in order to enhance their triboelectric property. Indeed, Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) measurements show that an addition of phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ), an electrolyte with more cations than anions, to polyvinyl...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Solid Polymer Electrolytes with Asymmetric Pairing of Ions

Ryu

Lee

Kim

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

140

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…31 Thus, the vertical electron detachment energies measured from the peak maxima of experimental spectra can be directly compared to the results of the ab initio computations discussed here. Note that the smallest electron detachment energies of all the (XAl 12 ) 2− dianionic species considered here are negative, indicating that they will lose an electron spontaneously, given that the repulsive Coulomb barrier for detachment 32 will not prevent it.…”

Section: ■ Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Doped Aluminum Cluster Anions: Size Matters

et al. 2014

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The global minima of the cluster anions with the generic chemical formula (XAl₁₂)²⁻, where X = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Zn, are determined by an extensive search of their potential energy surfaces using the Gradient Embedded Genetic Algorithm (GEGA). All the characterized global minima have an icosahedral-like structure, resembling that of the Al₁₃⁻ cluster. These cages comprise closed-shell electronic configurations with 40 electrons, therefore, in accordance to the jellium model, they are predicted to be highly stable and amenable to experimental detection. The two preferred sites for the dopant species, at the center and at surface of the icosahedral cage, are stabilized depending on the atomic radius of X. Thus, while the small dopants (X = Be, Zn) sit preferably at the center of the cage, the preferred site for X = Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba is at the surface. Since these dianions are not stable towards electron detachment, one Li cation is added in order to yield stable systems. Our computations show that in the global minimum form of Li(XAl₁₂)⁻, the lithium cation, ionically bonded to the Al atoms, does not change the structure of the (XAl12)²⁻ core.

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“…The additional energy bands originating from anions or cations in PVA can affect ionic doping. The CaCl 2 electrolyte, which has more anions, creates high-energy electron-charged states in the PVA. − The additional electron-charged states in 0.75 M CaCl 2 –PVA-based SPE enhanced their charge transfer in the contact electrification processes. To compare the output performance, 4 × 4 cm 2 TENGs were fabricated using PTFE and nylon/Al/SPE as the triboelectric layers.…”

Section: Materials Design For Large Output Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Bioresorbable Triboelectric Nanogenerators

Kang,

Lee,

Hyun

et al. 2023

Chem. Rev.

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With the growing demand for next-generation health care, the integration of electronic components into implantable medical devices (IMDs) has become a vital factor in achieving sophisticated healthcare functionalities such as electrophysiological monitoring and electroceuticals worldwide. However, these devices confront technological challenges concerning a noninvasive power supply and biosafe device removal. Addressing these challenges is crucial to ensure continuous operation and patient comfort and minimize the physical and economic burden on the patient and the healthcare system. This Review highlights the promising capabilities of bioresorbable triboelectric nanogenerators (B-TENGs) as temporary self-clearing power sources and self-powered IMDs. First, we present an overview of and progress in bioresorbable triboelectric energy harvesting devices, focusing on their working principles, materials development, and biodegradation mechanisms. Next, we examine the current state of on-demand transient implants and their biomedical applications. Finally, we address the current challenges and future perspectives of B-TENGs, aimed at expanding their technological scope and developing innovative solutions. This Review discusses advancements in materials science, chemistry, and microfabrication that can advance the scope of energy solutions available for IMDs. These innovations can potentially change the current health paradigm, contribute to enhanced longevity, and reshape the healthcare landscape soon.

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Coulomb Potentials Have Strong Effects on Anion Electronic States

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

High‐Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Solid Polymer Electrolytes with Asymmetric Pairing of Ions

High‐Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Solid Polymer Electrolytes with Asymmetric Pairing of Ions

Doped Aluminum Cluster Anions: Size Matters

Advances in Bioresorbable Triboelectric Nanogenerators

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