Coulomb Excitation of Neodymium

Abstract

Three gamma rays produced by bombardment of neodymium metal with protons of energies up to 3.34 Mev have been observed. Measurements indicate gamma-ray energies and isotopic identifications of 71 ±4 kev from Nd 145 , 300±3 kev from Nd 148 , and 131 ±2 kev from Nd 150 , with total cross sections for production of the last two radiations of 0.7±0.2 and 2.4±0.3 mb, respectively, for 2.25-Mev protons. Excitation functions found for the even-even iostopes agree with those predicted for E2 Coulomb interactions, leading to 0->2-\->0 level assignments; El excitation seems ruled out only for Nd 150 . The theory of Alder and Winther for E2 excitation gives only qualitative agreement with the measured 131-kev gamma-ray angular distribution. Low-energy proton bremsstrahlung were also observed.

Energy Levels inSm148andSm150

“…6,9 ' 10 Coulomb excitation of the 551(2+) keV and 1165(3-) states has been previously observed. [11][12][13][14] The reaction studies of Sm 148 described here confirm levels at 551,1182,1460,1595,1910,2039,2098 Table III. who also found evidence for additional levels at 1.07-, 1.36-, 1.81-, and 1.97(1-(? ))-MeV excitation.…”

Excitation of Nuclei by Charged Particles

“…A thick-target curve (see Targets above) covering a more than 20,OOO-fold yield increase and showing excellent agreement with E2 theory is shown in Figure 8 for RU10 4 which has the lowest excited s.tate and largest transition probability of any even-even nucleus below A = 145. This sort of agreement can usually be taken as confirmation of the E2 character of the excitation process, although sometimes the distinction be tween the shapes of El and E2 excitation is small over limited ranges of bombarding energy (58,90). To sum up, then, the experimentally observed excitation curves confirm the theoretically predicted dependence upon � to within the experimental error (about 3 to 5 per cent) over a considerable range of tlE (50 kev to 850 kev), Z2 (9 to 94), and E (1 Mev to 7 Mev).…”

“…Information concerning 0 can be obtained in several ways (80,82,86,90,94,103,109) which will be discussed shortly. Obvious corrections to Bob.…”