The performance of model based State-of-Charge (SOC) estimation method relies on an accurate battery model. Nonlinear models are thus proposed to accurately describe the external characteristics of the Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery. The nonlinear estimation algorithms and online parameter identification methods are needed to guarantee the accuracy of the model based SOC estimation with nonlinear battery models. A new approach forming a dynamic linear battery model is proposed in this paper, which enables the application of the linear Kalman filter for SOC estimation and also avoids the usage of online parameter identification methods. With a moving window technology, Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression is able to establish a series of piecewise linear battery models automatically. One element state space equation is then obtained to estimate the SOC from the linear Kalman filter. The experiments on a LiFePO4 battery prove the effectiveness of the proposed method compared with the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) with two Resistance and Capacitance (RC) Equivalent Circuit Model (ECM) and the Adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter (AUKF) with Least Squares Support Vector Machines (LSSVM). Index Terms-State-of-charge estimation, partial least squares regression, Kalman filter, Lithium-ion battery. I. INTRODUCTION ith the significant progress of the battery technology, Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have become a promising choice for Electrical Vehicle (EV) [1] and Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) [2], [3]. The extensive usage of the Li-ion batteries is mainly because of their superior properties including long lifespan, high energy density, low self-discharge