Could tendinosis be involved in osteoarthritis?

Meknas, Khaled; Johansen, Oddmund; Steigen, Sonja Eriksson; Olsen, Randi; Jørgensen, Lone; Kartus, Jüri-Toomas

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01287.x

Cited by 26 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Thus far, strategies that stimulate the complete regeneration of tendons after injury have not been developed. To this end, a better understanding of tendon cell biology is essential to devise improved treatment options for tendon injuries such as tendinopathy [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) Exerts Biphasic Effects on Human Tendon Stem Cells

Zhang

Wang

2014

PLoS ONE

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Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been reported to exert different effects on tissues at low and high levels. In the present study, cell culture experiments were performed to determine the potential biphasic effects of PGE2 on human tendon stem/progenitor cells (hTSCs). After treatment with PGE2, hTSC proliferation, stemness, and differentiation were analyzed. We found that high concentrations of PGE2 (>1 ng/ml) decreased cell proliferation and induced non-tenocyte differentiation. However, at lower concentrations (<1 ng/ml), PGE2 markedly enhanced hTSC proliferation. The expression levels of stem cell marker genes, specifically SSEA-4 and Stro-1, were more extensive in hTSCs treated with low concentrations of PGE2 than in cells treated with high levels of PGE2. Moreover, high levels of PGE2 induced hTSCs to differentiate aberrantly into non-tenocytes, which was evident by the high levels of PPARγ, collagen type II, and osteocalcin expression in hTSCs treated with PGE2 at concentrations >1 ng/ml. The findings of this study reveal that PGE2 can exhibit biphasic effects on hTSCs, indicating that while high PGE2 concentrations may be detrimental to tendons, low levels of PGE2 may play a vital role in the maintenance of tendon homeostasis in vivo.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) Exerts Biphasic Effects on Human Tendon Stem Cells

Zhang

Wang

2014

PLoS ONE

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“…Similarly, internal obturator tendons removed from osteoarthritic hip joints have significantly more GAGs as well as calcium deposits 33 . These findings implicate swelling of the enthesis that may be an adaptation to increased loading, however this would also result in disruption of the fibrous matrix and effective load transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings implicate swelling of the enthesis that may be an adaptation to increased loading, however this would also result in disruption of the fibrous matrix and effective load transmission. Calcium deposition also plays an integral role in OA pathology as mineral aggregation has been shown in the articular cartilage, meniscus, and synovial fluid 24,33,34 . In our study calcium deposits were observed within the LI zone, potentially disrupting fiber organization and undermining mechanical efficacy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deleterious effects of osteoarthritis on the structure and function of the meniscal enthesis

Abraham

Donahue

2014

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage

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SUMMARY Objective The ability of menisci to prevent osteoarthritis (OA) is dependent on the integrity of the complex meniscal entheses, the attachments of the menisci to the underlying subchondral bone (SB). The goal of this study was to determine mechanical and structural changes in meniscal entheses after the onset of OA. Design Healthy and osteoarthritic meniscal entheses were evaluated for changes in histomorphological characteristics, mineralization, and mechanical properties. Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and calcium in the insertion were evaluated with histological staining techniques. The extent of calcium deposition was assessed and tidemark (TM) integrity was quantified. Changes in the mineralized zone of the insertion were examined using micro-computed tomography (μCT) to determine bone mineral density, cortical zone thickness, and mineralization gradient. Mechanical properties of the entheses were measured using nano-indentation techniques to obtain material properties based on viscoelastic analysis. Results GAG thickness in the calcified fibrocartilage (CFC) zone and calcium content were significantly greater in osteoarthritic anterior meniscal entheses. TM integrity was significantly decreased in OA tissue, particularly in the medial anterior (MA) enthesis. The mineralized zone of osteoarthritic meniscal entheses was significantly thicker than in healthy entheses and showed decreased bone mineral density. Fitting of mineralization data to a sigmoidal Gompertz function revealed a lower rate of increase in mineralization in osteoarthritic tissue. Analysis of viscoelastic mechanical properties revealed increased compliance in osteoarthritic tissue. Conclusions These data suggest that significant changes occur at meniscal enthesis sites with the onset of OA. Mechanical and structural changes in meniscal entheses may contribute to meniscal extrusion, which has been shown to increase the progression of OA.

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“…The specimens were evaluated using a semiquantitative (nonparametric) grading system for the tendon alterations used in multiple previous studies. 13 , 17 , 18 , 28 Grading was based on a 4-point scoring system ( Table 1 ). Fiber structure, cellularity, vascularity, and level of GAGs were graded after examining the entire section.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological Evaluation of Regenerated Semitendinosus Tendon a Minimum of 6 Years After Harvest for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Åhlén

Lidén

Movin

et al. 2014

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background:Semitendinosus (ST) and/or gracilis (G) autografts are the most used grafts for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery. The tendons have been shown to be able to regenerate but with focal areas of scar tissue in the short term. There are no long-term histological studies of the regenerated tendons.Hypothesis:In the long term, the regenerated ST tendon normalizes and has a similar histology as the contralateral nonharvested tendon.Study Design:Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:Eighteen patients (8 female, 10 male) who underwent ACL surgery using ipsilateral ST/G tendon autografts were included in this study. Percutaneous specimens were obtained from the regenerated ST tendon and the contralateral nonharvested ST tendon under ultrasonographic guidance at a median of 8.4 years (100.5 months; range, 77-129 months) after the harvest procedure. Specimens from the nonoperated side served as controls. The histology and presence of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were assessed using a light microscope and a semiquantitative grading system.Results:Thirty-six biopsies were obtained (2 biopsies from each patient). In 5 biopsies, the amount of tissue was too small to analyze in the light microscope, and 1 patient had been operated on bilaterally and was therefore excluded. In total, 24 biopsies were included in the histological analysis. In overall terms, there were no significant differences between the regenerated and nonharvested ST tendon in terms of fiber structure, cellularity, vascularity, and level of GAGs a minimum 6 years after harvest of the ST tendon. However, 3 of the regenerated tendons displayed a loss of fiber structure.Conclusion:The ST tendon regenerates and may regain a histological appearance similar to that of the nonharvested contralateral tendon, as seen in this study a median of 8.4 years after harvesting. However, in some tendons, loss of fiber structure was found.

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Could tendinosis be involved in osteoarthritis?

Cited by 26 publications

References 46 publications

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) Exerts Biphasic Effects on Human Tendon Stem Cells

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) Exerts Biphasic Effects on Human Tendon Stem Cells

Deleterious effects of osteoarthritis on the structure and function of the meniscal enthesis

Histological Evaluation of Regenerated Semitendinosus Tendon a Minimum of 6 Years After Harvest for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

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