Could stratospheric ozone depletion lead to enhanced aquatic  primary production in the polar regions?

Hamre, Børge; Stamnes, Jakob J.; Frette, BØyvind; Erga, Svein Rune; Stamnes, Knut

doi:10.4319/lo.2008.53.1.0332

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…While there has been recent reports on stratospheric ozone depletions in the Arctic (Manney et al, 2011), generally, stratospheric ozone has been recovering over the past decades and this trend is expected to continue in the future (Coldewey-Egbers et al, 2014). Hamre et al (2008) showed that depletion in stratospheric ozone indeed results in elevated UV in sea-ice covered and open Polar waters; however it also results in increased PAR levels compensating negative effects of UV with overall minor effect on primary productivity, hence on optical properties influenced by particulate absorption and scattering. Therefore, it is unlikely that changes in stratospheric ozone as an external factor would play an important role for optical properties of seawater and marine ecosystem.…”

Section: Relevance Of a P (λ) And A Cdom (λ) To Underwater Light Distmentioning

confidence: 96%

Contrasting optical properties of surface waters across the Fram Strait and its potential biological implications

Pavlov

Granskog

Stedmon

et al. 2015

Journal of Marine Systems

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Underwater light regime is controlled by distribution and optical properties of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and particulate matter. The Fram Strait is a region where two contrasting water masses are found. Polar water in the East Greenland Current (EGC) and Atlantic water in the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC) differ with regards to temperature, salinity and optical properties. We present data on absorption properties of CDOM and particles across the Fram Strait (along 79°N), comparing Polar and Atlantic surface waters in September 2009 and 2010. CDOM absorption of Polar water in the EGC was significantly higher (more than 3-fold) compared to Atlantic water in the WSC, with values of absorption coefficient, a CDOM (350), m −1 of 0.565 ± 0.100 (in 2009) and 0.458 ± 0.117 (in 2010), and 0.138 ± 0.036 (in 2009) and 0.153 ± 0.039 (in 2010), respectively. An opposite pattern was observed for particle absorption with higher absorption found in the eastern part of the Fram Strait. Average values of particle absorption (a P (440), m −1 ) were 0.016 ± 0.013 (in 2009) and 0.014 ± 0.011 (in 2010), and 0.047 ± 0.012 (in 2009) and 0.016 ± 0.014 (in 2010), respectively for Polar and Atlantic water. Thus absorption of light in eastern part of the Fram Strait is dominated by particles -predominantly phytoplankton, and the absorption of light in the western part of the strait is dominated by CDOM, with predominantly terrigenous origin. As a result the balance between the importance of CDOM and particulates to the total absorption budget in the upper 0-10 m shifts across Fram Strait. Under water spectral irradiance profiles were generated using ECOLIGHT 5.4.1 and the results indicate that the shift in composition between dissolved and particulate material does not influence substantially the penetration of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR, 400-700 nm), but does result in notable differences in ultraviolet (UV) light penetration, with higher attenuation in the EGC. Future changes in the Arctic Ocean system will likely affect EGC through diminishing sea-ice cover and potentially increasing CDOM export due to increase in river runoff into the Arctic Ocean. Role of attenuation of light by CDOM in determining underwater light regime will become more important, with a potential for future increase in marine productivity in the area of EGC due to elevated PAR and lowered UV light exposures.

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Section: Relevance Of a P (λ) And A Cdom (λ) To Underwater Light Distmentioning

confidence: 96%

Contrasting optical properties of surface waters across the Fram Strait and its potential biological implications

Pavlov

Granskog

Stedmon

et al. 2015

Journal of Marine Systems

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“…134 One contrasting study, however, suggested that the effects of ozone depletion on primary production of Antarctic phytoplankton, in ice-covered and open waters, might not be negative but instead could enhance primary production. 135 UV radiation induced photoinhibition of natural post-bloom phytoplankton diatom-dominated assemblages from temperate latitudes of Patagonia. The inhibition, however, decreased when samples were dominated by chlorophytes that are potentially a better quality food for grazers.…”

Section: Effects On Natural Phytoplankton Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of UV radiation on aquatic ecosystems and interactions with climate change

Häder¹,

Kumar

Smith

et al. 2011

Photochem Photobiol Sci

390

215

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The health of freshwater and marine ecosystems is critical to life on Earth. The impact of solar UV-B radiation is one potential stress factor that can have a negative impact on the health of certain species within these ecosystems. Although there is a paucity of data and information regarding the effect of UV-B radiation on total ecosystem structure and function, several recent studies have addressed the effects on various species within each trophic level. Climate change, acid deposition, and changes in other anthropogenic stressors such as pollutants alter UV exposure levels in inland and coastal marine waters. These factors potentially have important consequences for a variety of aquatic organisms including waterborne human pathogens. Recent results have demonstrated the negative impacts of exposure to UV-B radiation on primary producers, including effects on cyanobacteria, phytoplankton, macroalgae and aquatic plants. UV-B radiation is an environmental stressor for many aquatic consumers, including zooplankton, crustaceans, amphibians, fish, and corals. Many aquatic producers and consumers rely on avoidance strategies, repair mechanisms and the synthesis of UV-absorbing substances for protection. However, there has been relatively little information generated regarding the impact of solar UV-B radiation on species composition within natural ecosystems or on the interaction of organisms between trophic levels within those ecosystems. There remains the question as to whether a decrease in population size of the more sensitive primary producers would be compensated for by an increase in the population size of more tolerant species, and therefore whether there would be a net negative impact on the absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide by these ecosystems. Another question is whether there would be a significant impact on the quantity and quality of nutrients cycling through the food web, including the generation of food proteins for humans. Interactive effects of UV radiation with changes in other stressors, including climate change and pollutants, are likely to be particularly important.

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“…Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280 to 400 nm) is an important environmental factor regulating microbial activities such as phytoplankton (Hamre et al 2008), bacterial production (Ogbebo & Ochs 2008) and viral growth (Fuhrman & Noble 1995). UVR can affect microbial organisms by damaging DNA (Buma et al 2001), reducing or increasing the availability of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and nutrients (Ziegler & Benner 2000), and inhibiting larger grazers (Medina-Sánchez et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoplankton are more tolerant to UV than bacteria and viruses in the northern South China Sea

Yuan¹,

Yin²,

Harrison³

et al. 2011

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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In late summer of 2005, the effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on primary production (PP), bacterial production (BP) and viral decay rates (VDR) were investigated along a salinity gradient in the northern South China Sea. The freshwater input increased the UVA diffuse attenuation coefficient (up to 2.7 m −1 ) near the Pearl River estuary and consequently influenced the UVR inhibitory effects, as VDR was significantly correlated with the UVA diffuse attenuation coefficient. UVR inhibition of PP was significantly higher in upwelled waters than downwelled waters, suggesting that the vertical mixing (i.e. upwelling and downwelling) was an important factor regulating microbial sensitivity to UVR. UVR inhibited PP and BP by ~15 and 25%, respectively, and the UVR inhibition of BP was significantly higher than that of PP in most of the samples; hence there was a competitive advantage for phytoplankton over bacteria under the relatively high UVR exposure. UVR increased VDR by ~30%, which decreased bacterial mortality by 0.12 to 0.3% h −1 and mitigated the inhibitory effects of UVR on bacteria. In general, phytoplankton were more tolerant than bacteria and viruses to UVR in the sub-tropical northern South China Sea.

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Could stratospheric ozone depletion lead to enhanced aquatic primary production in the polar regions?

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Contrasting optical properties of surface waters across the Fram Strait and its potential biological implications

Contrasting optical properties of surface waters across the Fram Strait and its potential biological implications

Effects of UV radiation on aquatic ecosystems and interactions with climate change

Phytoplankton are more tolerant to UV than bacteria and viruses in the northern South China Sea

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Could stratospheric ozone depletion lead to enhanced aquatic primary production in the polar regions?

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Contrasting optical properties of surface waters across the Fram Strait and its potential biological implications

Contrasting optical properties of surface waters across the Fram Strait and its potential biological implications

Effects of UV radiation on aquatic ecosystems and interactions with climate change

Phytoplankton are more tolerant to UV than ­bacteria and viruses in the northern South China Sea

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Product

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Phytoplankton are more tolerant to UV than bacteria and viruses in the northern South China Sea