Could piracetam potentiate behavioural effects of psychostimulants?

Šlais, Karel; Máchalová, Alena; Landa, Leoš; Vršková, Dagmar; Šulcová, Alexandra

doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.041

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…6 By contrast, lower doses of PIR demonstrated no sign-iEcant inFuence on the dopaminergic brain activity. 6,7 The PIR interaction with the glutamatergic system is not yet fully understood. As the glutamatergic system impairment was described in cognitive deEcits, 6,8 it is possible that glutamatergic effects of PIR contribute to its positive impact on cognition.…”

Section: Pir Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…On the issue of dopamine action, animal studies have shown that PIR interferes with dopamine levels by increasing the stimulated dopamine release. 6 By contrast, lower doses of PIR demonstrated no signiﬁcant inﬂuence on the dopaminergic brain activity. 6,7…”

Section: Pir Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 By contrast, lower doses of PIR demonstrated no signiﬁcant inﬂuence on the dopaminergic brain activity. 6,7…”

Section: Pir Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 The PIR interaction with the glutamatergic system is not yet fully understood. As the glutamatergic system impairment was described in cognitive deEcits, 6,8 it is possible that glutamatergic effects of PIR contribute to its positive impact on cognition. Furthermore, PIR has an important role in the allosteric modulation of glutamatergic AMPA receptors, 9 structures involved in positive reinforcement in addiction.…”

Section: Pir Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heroin–piracetam mixture: Suggested mechanisms of action and risks of misinterpretation for drug users

et al. 2017

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Piracetam is a positive allosteric modulator of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor that has been frequently used in the treatment of cognitive disorders. Press and internet reports indicate that the use of piracetam, as a heroin adulterant, has spread rapidly in some countries, especially in Asia and Europe. Its use, as adulterant, is believed to produce more profound desirable effects, while decreasing hangover. Recent surveys demonstrated that piracetam protects neurons from heroin-induced apoptosis. The protective role of this adulterating substance may be related to restoration of beta-endorphin levels and to its neuroprotective effects. The aim of this paper is to review the relevant literature and suggest the main hypothetical mechanisms that justify its use as a heroin adulterant, try to understand if its use could help people who want to come off heroin by reducing withdrawal symptoms and, finally, give useful information that permit us to understand why drug trafficking organisations started to use piracetam as heroin adulterant.

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Section: Pir Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Pir Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 By contrast, lower doses of PIR demonstrated no signiﬁcant inﬂuence on the dopaminergic brain activity. 6,7…”

Section: Pir Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pir Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Heroin–piracetam mixture: Suggested mechanisms of action and risks of misinterpretation for drug users

et al. 2017

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“…Interestingly, one recent study (Slais et al, 2012) mentioned that human abusers tended to combine psychostimulant (methamphetamine or MDMA) with piracetam and hypothesised that this combination might potentiate the psychostimulant effects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a heroin mixture adulterated with equivalent piracetam (HP) on conditioned place preference (CPP) and compared the effects with those of heroin alone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%