Could “Leuko-araïosis” Be Secondary to Wallerian Degeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease?

Leys, D.; Pruvo, JP; Parent, Maxime; Vermersch, Patrick; Soetaert, G; Steinling, M.; Delacourte, A.; Défossez, A.; Rapoport, A.; Clarisse, J; Petit, H

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-75690-0_6

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Furthermore, MRI investigations of AD brains found halo-shaped hyper-intensity foci of white matter (suggestive of water accumulation and/or demyelination) surrounding the lateral ventricle (Fazekas et al, 1987;Petrovic et al, 1990). Subsequent examinations of periventricular white matter have shown diffuse loss of myelin sheets, axons, oligodendroglia and astrocytic gliosis (Brun et al, 1990;Leys et al, 1990). These changes of white matter were also shown to be associated with the degree of cognitive impairment in AD patients (Brun et al, 1990;Ishijima et al, 1996).…”

Section: Gross Brain Neuropathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CT studies have shown that white matter changes in the form of lucencies (low density lesion) were more common in AD patients than in control subjects (George et al, 1986;Leys et al, 1990). Furthermore, MRI investigations of AD brains found halo-shaped hyper-intensity foci of white matter (suggestive of water accumulation and/or demyelination) surrounding the lateral ventricle (Fazekas et al, 1987;Petrovic et al, 1990).…”

Section: Gross Brain Neuropathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease

Parpura-Gill

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This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer.The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction.In the unlikely event that the author did not send UME a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book.Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Kgher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Copyright © Aleksandra Parpura-Gill, 1998. All rights reserved Signature was redacted for privacy. UMISignature was redacted for privacy.Signature was redacted for privacy.Signature was redacted for privacy. has not been confirmed, but is a possibility (Roses et al., 1990;Goate et aL, 1990).There are two subtypes of Alzheimer's disease determined by the age of onset (American Psychiatric Association, 1997). In Early Onset AD, symptoms of the disease begin before 65 years of age while in Late Onset AD they start after the age of 65. LateOnset AD is much more common than Early Onset. The course of Alzheimer's disease is characterized by an insidious beginning and progressive nature. Early deficits in memory are followed by other cognitive disturbances and personality changes, as well as loss of judgment and spatial orientation (American Psychiatric Association, 1997). Clinical Si^s of Alzheimer's DiseaseThe onset of dementia is an essential clinical feature of Alzheimer's disease and also a requirement for the diagnosis of the disease. Dementia is a syndrome characterized by progressive mental deterioration resulting from multiple cognitive deficits. The cognitive deficit must be severe enough to cause an inability of the patient to carry out occupational or social activities, and it has to represent a decline in the level of fiinctioning from a previous existing level (American Psychiatric Association, 1997;Terry and Katzman, 1983).Memory impairment as a component of dementia affects both short-term and long-term memory. Individuals suffering from dementia not only forget previously learned material, but also have significantly decreased ability to leam new material. Most often patients exhibit both for...

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Section: Gross Brain Neuropathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gross Brain Neuropathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease

Parpura-Gill

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“…Leukoaraiosis encompasses: 1) periventricular low-density lesions on CT, 2) periventricular hyper-intensity lesions on CT, and 3) periventricular hyper-intensity changes on MRI (Ishijima et al, 1996). CT studies have shown that white matter changes in the form of lucencies (low density lesion) were more common in AD patients than in control subjects (George et al, 1986;Leys et al, 1990). Furthermore, MRI investigations of AD brains found halo-shaped hyper-intensity foci of white matter (suggestive of water accumulation and/or demyelination) surrounding the lateral ventricle (Fazekas et al, 1987;Petrovic et al, 1990).…”

Section: Gross Brain Neuropathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease

Parpura-Gill

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1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 2.1 Synthesis of B-amyloid (B25-35) and Scrambled Peptide 2.2 Astrocyte Culture 2.3. Nitric Oxide Assay 2.4. Cellular Protein Assay 2.5. Statistical Analysis 3. Results 3.1. Effect Of B25-35 On Astrocytic Release Of Nitric Oxide Mediated By DL-IB, TNF-a And IFN-y 3.2. Effect of Control Peptide On Astrocytic Release Of Nitric Oxide Mediated By IL-IB, TNF-a And IFN-y 29 4. Discussion 30 Acknowledgements 33 THE INHIBrrORY EFFECTS OF B-AMYLOID ON GLUTAMATE AND GLUCOSE UPTAKES BY CULTURED ASTROCYTES 34 Abstract 34 1. Introduction 35 2. Materials and methods 37 2.1. Synthesis of B-amyloid and scrambled peptide 37 2.2. Astrocyte cultures 38 2.3. Glutamate uptake 38 2.4. Glucose uptake 40 2.5. Inhibitory effect of phloretin on glutamate uptake 41 2.6. Total cell protein assay 41 2.7 Statistical analysis 41 V 3. Results 3.1. Effect of B25-35 on astrocytic glutamate uptake 3.2. Effect of B25-35 and nitric oxide on astrocytic glutamate uptake 3.3. Effect of 1325-35 on astrocytic glucose uptake 3.4. Effect of phloretin on glutamate uptake into astrocytes 4. Discussion Acknowledgments GENERAL DISCUSSION The Effects of Cytokines on Astrocytic Nitric Oxide Release P-Amyloid and Nitric Oxide Release • The Effect of P-Amyloid on Astrocytic Glutamate Uptake Astrocytic Glutamate Uptake and Nitric Oxide Astrocytic Glutamate Uptake and Oxygen Dependent Free Radicals 58 Astrocytic Glucose Uptake and [3-Amyloid as Related to Glutamate Uptake 59 Concluding Remarks 60 REFERENCES 64 vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my parents, without whose upbringing I would never have developed an inquiring mind and boldness to undertake the endeavors that I did in my life. Many thanks to my brother Vladimir, who was always my shining example and whom I followed and looked up to in my earlier days for guidance in science. I will always be indebted to Alice Thieman and Lloyd Avant who taught me almost everything I know about research design and statistical analysis and whose love and friendship provided such an enrichment of my and my family's life. I would also like to thank all of my POS committee members for their support and scientific challenges throughout my studies at Iowa State. To my friend and coworker Cathy, many thanks for her technical help, but more importantly for numerous hours of emotional support. Last, but far from least I express my profound gratitude to Harry, my friend, love and intellectual partner, whose love, immense understanding and support made my life very special and this work possible.

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Could “Leuko-araïosis” Be Secondary to Wallerian Degeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease?

Cited by 2 publications

References 27 publications

The role of astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease

The role of astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease

The role of astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease

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