Could Fungicides Lead to Azole Drug Resistance in a Cross-Resistance Manner among Environmental Cryptococcus Strains?

Takahashi, Juliana Possatto Fernandes; Feliciano, L. M.; Santos, Dayane Cristina Silva; Ramos, S. D. P.; Oliveira, Rogério Antônio de; Attili‐Angelis, Derlene; Rodrigues, Nádia Regina; Sampaio, Jorge Luiz Mello; Martins, Marilena dos Anjos; Melhem, M. S. C.

doi:10.1007/s12281-020-00373-8

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Basidiomycete yeasts are generally much less, or not at all, sensitive to azoles as well as to 5-FC and the agricultural azoles difenoconazole and epoxiconazole, and even to cyproconazole (Drummond et al, 2007;Takahashi et al, 2020), a fungicide known to be especially effective against basidiomycete plant pathogens. Therefore, agricultural azoles are considered as being too weak for Cryptococcus control and resistance selection under agricultural conditions, also because applied field rates and potential residue concentrations in soil are way too low for selecting resistance (Gisi, 2014).…”

Section: Clinically Relevant Yeast Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, agricultural azoles are considered as being too weak for Cryptococcus control and resistance selection under agricultural conditions, also because applied field rates and potential residue concentrations in soil are way too low for selecting resistance (Gisi, 2014). In fact, Takahashi et al (2020) stated that "up to now, no data exist on resistance to triazoles among Cryptococcus environmental isolates from cultivated agricultural areas under fungicide pressure". Most isolates of T. asahii are up to 100-fold less sensitive than those of C. albicans and are considered as intrinsically resistant to all medical antifungals (Figure 2).…”

Section: Clinically Relevant Yeast Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crossover between the control of fungal pathogens in medicine and the wider environment, and the threat of antifungal resistance

Gisi¹

2021

Plant Pathology

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A primary human pathogen is an agent (fungus, bacterium, virus) causing any kind of disease in humans, either superficially or within the body (invasive, systemic). All fungal propagules (all kind of cells, spores) existing in the natural environment can be transmitted to the human body. Fungal infections usually start in the lung by inhalation of contaminated air, or on the skin, nails, and mucosa (vagina, mouth, sinuses) by direct contact (e.g., through wounds), and rarely also in the gastrointestinal tract by intake of contaminated food or water. Fungal infections in humans are rarely serious (lifethreatening) unless the patient's immune system is weakened, for

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Section: Clinically Relevant Yeast Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinically Relevant Yeast Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crossover between the control of fungal pathogens in medicine and the wider environment, and the threat of antifungal resistance

Gisi¹

2021

Plant Pathology

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“…The associated azole resistance patterns are shown in Table 1 . The chemical structures of the triazoles used in agriculture and medicine are often similar ( Figure S1 ), so the occurrence of comparable mechanisms of resistance among crop and medically important pathogens is not surprising [ 117 ]. According to the risk assessment of the European center for disease control and prevention (ECDC), the most used triazoles in agriculture are prothioconazole, TBC and EPC in the United Kingdom, Denmark, and the Netherlands.…”

Section: Azole Resistance In Fungal Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sterol 14α-Demethylase Ligand-Binding Pocket-Mediated Acquired and Intrinsic Azole Resistance in Fungal Pathogens

Rosam

Monk

Lackner

2020

JoF

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The fungal cytochrome P450 enzyme sterol 14α-demethylase (SDM) is a key enzyme in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. The binding of azoles to the active site of SDM results in a depletion of ergosterol, the accumulation of toxic intermediates and growth inhibition. The prevalence of azole-resistant strains and fungi is increasing in both agriculture and medicine. This can lead to major yield loss during food production and therapeutic failure in medical settings. Diverse mechanisms are responsible for azole resistance. They include amino acid (AA) substitutions in SDM and overexpression of SDM and/or efflux pumps. This review considers AA affecting the ligand-binding pocket of SDMs with a primary focus on substitutions that affect interactions between the active site and the substrate and inhibitory ligands. Some of these interactions are particularly important for the binding of short-tailed azoles (e.g., voriconazole). We highlight the occurrence throughout the fungal kingdom of some key AA substitutions. Elucidation of the role of these AAs and their substitutions may assist drug design in overcoming some common forms of innate and acquired azole resistance.

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“…The increasing use of fungicides in agriculture may decrease Cryptococcus susceptibility to azoles, thus resulting in resistant strains 103 …”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…101,102 The increasing use of fungicides in agriculture may decrease Cryptococcus susceptibility to azoles, thus resulting in resistant strains. 103 Echinocandins have no activity against Cryptococcus spp. ; however, the mechanism is not well understood as in vitro studies have shown that the (1,3) β-glucan synthase activity of this organism is quite sensitive to echinocandins.…”

Section: Surgical Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptococcal infection in haematologic malignancies and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Nematollahi

Dioverti

2020

Mycoses

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Summary This review summarises both the recent and relevant studies about cryptococcal infections in haematologic malignancies and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although uncommon in this patient population, this infection carries a high mortality, especially if left untreated. Given the limited data, we draw some conclusions with respect to management from the solid organ transplantation and HIV‐infected literature. Herein, we discuss cryptococcosis with a particular attention to its background, epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and prevention in this group.

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Could Fungicides Lead to Azole Drug Resistance in a Cross-Resistance Manner among Environmental Cryptococcus Strains?

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

Crossover between the control of fungal pathogens in medicine and the wider environment, and the threat of antifungal resistance

Crossover between the control of fungal pathogens in medicine and the wider environment, and the threat of antifungal resistance

Sterol 14α-Demethylase Ligand-Binding Pocket-Mediated Acquired and Intrinsic Azole Resistance in Fungal Pathogens

Cryptococcal infection in haematologic malignancies and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

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