Could a virus contribute to weight gain?

Vasilakopoulou, Alexandra; Roux, Carel W. le

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803623

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…[24][25][26] Despite the emerging strong evidence that associates certain viruses with obesity, much work is still required to elucidate the mechanisms of weight gain after viral infection. 27 Among the investigated mechanisms, Ad36 infection reduces the secretion of leptin and induces greater lipid accumulation in preadipocytes; 28 moreover, infection of adipocytes with Ad-36 leads to increased production of IL-6, which might contribute to chronic lowgrade inflammation, with a process known to be involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. 29 The increased prevalence of essential hypertension observed in our study could be conjecturally explained also by the production of inflammatory cytokines, induced by Ad36 infection, relevant for the development of atherosclerosis and diabetes.…”

Section: Obesity Ad36 and Insulin Resistance Gm Trovato Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Human obesity relationship with Ad36 adenovirus and insulin resistance

et al. 2009

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Objectives: Infection with specific pathogens may lead to increased adiposity: a specific adiposity-promoting effect of Ad36 human adenovirus, without the involvement of neurological mechanisms, was reported. The aim of this study is to investigate whether non-diabetic patients with earlier Ad36 infection show greater degrees of overweight obesity, of Insulin Resistance (IR), assessed by homoeostasis-model assessment (HOMA), and/or of other related factors. Moreover, the relationship, if any, among these factors and an earlier Ad36 infection, and the hypothesis of a mechanism involving IR are investigated. Subjects: Ad36 seropositivity is assessed in 68 obese and 135 non-obese subjects, along with body composition, HOMA and laboratory investigations. Results: Age, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio, blood pressure, insulin, HOMA and triglycerides are significantly greater in the Ad36 seropositive group. Ad36 seropositivity, along with HOMA and total cholesterol, explains BMI variance. No Ad36 seropositivity effect to HOMA could be envisaged by the same statistical model. Conclusion: A significant association of Ad36 seropositivity with obesity and with essential hypertension in human beings is suggested by our study; this association is mostly significant in women. Our results do not support that any Ad36 adipogenic adenovirus effect is operating in human obesity through an insulin-resistance-related mechanism. Ad36 seropositive status could also be a hallmark of a clinical-metabolic profile possibly preceding obesity and diabetes in non-obese patients.

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Section: Obesity Ad36 and Insulin Resistance Gm Trovato Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Human obesity relationship with Ad36 adenovirus and insulin resistance

et al. 2009

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“…Normalmente, las infecciones por VEB ocurren en caballos y ovejas, provocando encefalomielitis, pero la infección experimental ha sido producida en pájaros, roedores y primates 10 . Este virus produce obesidad en ratas, lo que genera inflamación linfomonocítica del hipotálamo, hiperplasia de los islotes pancreáticos, aumento de la glucosa y triglicéridos 21 .…”

Section: Virus Enfermedad De Bornaunclassified

“…En humanos, el Ad-36 es el que muestra más asociación con el desarrollo de obesidad 10,22,25 , por lo tanto, la revisión de antecedentes se centró en dicho adenovirus.…”

Section: Estudios En Humanosunclassified

“…Las personas obesas presentan elevados niveles de leptina, lo que, entre otras cosas, genera desregulación de la ingesta, produciendo la denominada resistencia hipotalámica a la leptina 8 . Hace un par de décadas se comenzó a investigar la vinculación entre ciertos virus y su relación con la aparición y propagación de la obesidad 9,10 , esto ha permitido actualmente acuñar el término "infectobesidad", para describir la obesidad con origen infeccioso, el cual parece ser un nuevo concepto 11 . Durandahar y cols.…”

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Adenovirus 36 y su potencial contribución en el desarrollo de obesidad

Villavicencio

Valladares

2017

Rev. méd. Chile

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The potential contribution of adenovirus 36 to the development of obesity . Se han propuesto diversos factores que han contribuido al desarrollo de esta epidemia, entre los que se encuentran: baja cantidad y calidad del sueño, baja actividad física, alto consumo de alimentos con alta densidad energética, entre otros 3 . La obesidad produce una acumulación de tejido adiposo, el cual constituye un órgano endocrino que secreta hormonas denominadas adipoquinas y que participan principalmente en el metabolismo de la glucosa (adiponectina, resistina) y del metabolismo lipídico [4][5][6] . La principal adipoquina secretada es la leptina, la cual actúa a nivel cerebral para disminuir la ingesta de alimentos 7 . Las personas obesas presentan elevados niveles de leptina, lo que, entre otras cosas, genera desregulación de la ingesta, produciendo la denominada resistencia hipotalámica a la leptina 8 . Hace un par de décadas se comenzó a investigar la vinculación entre ciertos virus y su relación con la aparición y propagación de la obesidad 9,10 , esto ha permitido actualmente acuñar el término "infectobesidad", para describir la obesidad con origen infeccioso, el cual parece ser un nuevo concepto 11 . Durandahar y cols.12 postularon, a princi-

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“…There was no correlation between Ad37 and human obesity. There were only five positive Ad37 results among 198 people (46). Therefore, Ad37 is related to obesity in animals, but the virus is not associated with human obesity.…”

Section: ) Human Adenovirus Type 37 (Ad37)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectobesity: a New Area for Microbiological and Virological Research

Nam

2011

J Bacteriol Virol

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Obesity is connected with numerous diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancer, and nervous system dysfunctions. Obesity is affected by genetic, environmental, and cultural factors. However, numerous studies indicate that several pathogens might cause obesity. This review discusses recent data and the characteristics of pathogens that are implicated in obesity. In particular, human adenovirus 36 (Ad36) is the most clearly implicated virus in human obesity. It was recently shown that obese groups from the USA, Korea, and Italy have a higher prevalence of serum antibodies against Ad36. The mechanisms of Ad36-induced obesity remain unclear. However, glucose uptake and inflammation are possible mechanisms of Ad36-induced obesity. Overall, this new understanding of causes of obesity has developed into the concept of 'infectobesity' and the possibility of developing a 'vaccine' or 'therapeutic agents' for obesity. million women were considered to be obese (Fig. 1A and 1B). Thus, more than one in ten of the world's adult population was obese. Close to 35 million overweight children live in developing countries and eight million in developed countries, which means that overweight children are a problem in all countries. Overweight and obesity also account for 44% of the diabetes burden, 23% of the ischemic heart disease burden, and between 7% and 41% of certain cancer burdens. Recently, the obesity rate among Koreans has increased drastically (Fig. 1C). In 1995, 11.7% of women and 18% of men were considered to be obese.However, 29.4% of women and 32.6% of men were considered obese in 2001 and the obese ratio recently increased further. There was also a noticeable increase in the ratio of obese children and adolescents (1).The costs of treating obesity and obesity-related metabolic disease account for 40% of total health expenditure in the USA and this recent trend is dramatically increasing (2).The social and economic cost of obesity therapy is more than 1 billion dollar and diabetes treatments account for 19.2% of the national medical insurance premium in Korea (3). Thus, obesity-related diseases are a severe loss to the national economy.There are many causes for obesity, such as genetics, medical problems, or psychiatric illness. Simply put, obesity is a result of an energy imbalance, where the energy intake is greater than energy expenditure (4) and excess energy accumulates in adipose tissue. Increasing rates of obesity at the societal level are attributed to easy access to a palatable diet, increased dependence on cars, and mechanized manufacturing. However, the recent increase in obesity might be

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Could a virus contribute to weight gain?

Abstract: More work is however required to elucidate the mechanisms of weight gain after viral infection. In the mean time, discounting viruses as a contributing factor to obesity would deprive us of a potential new avenue of investigating and treating the ever increasing epidemic of obesity.

Cited by 28 publications

References 43 publications

Human obesity relationship with Ad36 adenovirus and insulin resistance

Human obesity relationship with Ad36 adenovirus and insulin resistance

Adenovirus 36 y su potencial contribución en el desarrollo de obesidad

Infectobesity: a New Area for Microbiological and Virological Research

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