"Coughing water": bronchial hyperreactivity induced by swimming in a chlorinated pool.

Mustchin, C P; Pickering, Christopher

doi:10.1136/thx.34.5.682

Cited by 35 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the issue of the possible irritant exposure resulting from water chlorination have not been addressed or cannot be ascertained from publications where asthmatics have undergone swimming-training programmes [1][2][3]29]. There are anecdotal indications that asthmatic persons do not always tolerate chlorinated pools well [23,[30][31][32], but in general this does not appear to constitute a major problem. There are also indications that competitive swimmers have more bronchial hyperresponsiveness or asthma than other sportsmen [33,34].…”

Section: Swimming and The Health Of Swimmersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor swimming pools, water chlorination and respiratory health

Nemery¹,

Hoet²,

Nowak³

2002

European Respiratory Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Swimming and The Health Of Swimmersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor swimming pools, water chlorination and respiratory health

Nemery¹,

Hoet²,

Nowak³

2002

European Respiratory Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…It is also reported that swimming might improve physical conditioning and reduce the frequency of attacks and episodic wheezing, thus leading to a reduction in the need for medication, visits to emergency and school absenteeism (Potts 1996). However, the beneficial effects of swimming for asthmatics have been challenged (Anonymous 1979, Mustchin and Pickering 1979, Penny 1983), in part due to the potential adverse consequences of exposure to the irritant effects of chlorine and its derivatives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The determinants of prevalence of health complaints among young competitive swimmers

Lévesque

Duchesne²,

Gingras

et al. 2006

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Mustchin and Pickering [14] described a sudden onset of reversible airways obstruction in three young swimmers during training sessions in a newly opened pool treated with chlorine dioxide. Several more of the 24 competitive swimmers training in this pool developed milder symptoms such as cough, sore throat, and chest tightness and had to leave the water.…”

Section: Lung Function and Nasal Changes Following Immersion In Chlormentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorine, Chlorination By-Products and Their Allergic and Respiratory Health Effects

Kohlhammer¹,

Heinrich

2007

CRMR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although chlorine and most of its derivates are known toxic agents, it has been pronounced as a safe disinfectant for water treatments. More detailed analyses and extended studies concerning chlorine safety have only started recently. The objective of this article was to review data on the use of chlorine in pool environments, the resulting chlorination by-products in these environments and their potential effects on allergic and respiratory health in humans.The MEDLINE database search comprised articles from 1966 to August 2006. Additional studies were identified by searching references of already published articles. A total of twenty-one studies evaluating effects of chlorine and its byproducts on allergic or respiratory health were included in the analysis. Exposure to chlorination by-products through swimming pool attendance showed adverse health effects on children, subjects occupationally exposed, athletic swimmers and asthmatic subjects. These adverse effects were seen despite the presence of official directives in most countries to control and regulate the use of chlorine for water disinfection. Contact to chlorination by-products might not be the leading reason for poor respiratory health, but might not be as harmless as earlier thought. In particular, baby swimming in chlorinated pools is highly questionable.Chlorine is an extensively used agent in water treatments for drinking water and pool water. Although chlorine and most of its derivates are known toxic agents, it has been pronounced as being a safe disinfectant for water treatment [1]. Detailed analyses and extended studies have only started recently because of further concerns regarding chlorine's potential influences on human health.In a recent study, chlorinated swimming pool attendance increased lung hyper-permeability, exercise induced broncho-constriction (EIB) and asthma [2]. Bernard and colleagues hypothesized that repeated or chronic disruption of the lung epithelial barrier could facilitate the penetration of allergens in the lung [2] and could therefore result in higher rates of allergic sensitization and atopic diseases.Current hypotheses for the increasing trends of atopic diseases (allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis) include less microbial or infectious stimulation of the immune system (hygiene hypothesis), environmental changes (indoor allergens, chemicals, microbiological compounds, changed potency of allergens) as well as changes in dietary habits and lifestyle.The objective of this article was to review international data on the use of chlorine in pool environments, the resulting chlorination by-products in these environments and their potential effects on allergic and respiratory health. SEARCH STRATEGYThe Medline database search (

show abstract

"Coughing water": bronchial hyperreactivity induced by swimming in a chlorinated pool.

Cited by 35 publications

References 4 publications

Indoor swimming pools, water chlorination and respiratory health

Indoor swimming pools, water chlorination and respiratory health

The determinants of prevalence of health complaints among young competitive swimmers

Chlorine, Chlorination By-Products and Their Allergic and Respiratory Health Effects

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About