Cottonseed Protein, Oil, and Minerals in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Lines Differing in Curly Leaf Morphology

Bellaloui, Nacer; Turley, Rickie B.; Stetina, Salliana R.

doi:10.3390/plants10030525

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Selected chemical components of Gd and Gl cottonseed kernels are listed in Table 1 . These data are generally in the range described in the literature [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ]. The unique features in the presence or absence of gossypol are clearly demonstrated by the difference in gossypol content between the two types of cottonseeds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Chemical Composition and Thermogravimetric Behaviors of Glanded and Glandless Cottonseed Kernels

Nam

Zhang

et al. 2022

Molecules

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Common “glanded” (Gd) cottonseeds contain the toxic compound gossypol that restricts human consumption of the derived products. The “glandless” (Gl) cottonseeds of a new cotton variety, in contrast, show a trace gossypol content, indicating the great potential of cottonseed for agro-food applications. This work comparatively evaluated the chemical composition and thermogravimetric behaviors of the two types of cottonseed kernels. In contrast to the high gossypol content (3.75 g kg−1) observed in Gd kernels, the gossypol level detected in Gl kernels was only 0.06 g kg−1, meeting the FDA’s criteria as human food. While the gossypol gland dots in Gd kernels were visually observed, scanning electron microcopy was not able to distinguish the microstructural difference between ground Gd and Gl samples. Chemical analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that Gl kernels and Gd kernels had similar chemical components and mineral contents, but the former was slightly higher in protein, starch, and phosphorus contents. Thermogravimetric (TG) processes of both kernels and their residues after hexane and ethanol extraction were based on three stages of drying, de-volatilization, and char formation. TG-FTIR analysis revealed apparent spectral differences between Gd and Gl samples, as well as between raw and extracted cottonseed kernel samples, indicating that some components in Gd kernels were more susceptible to thermal decomposition than Gl kernels. The TG and TG-FTIR observations suggested that the Gl kernels could be heat treated (e.g., frying and roasting) at an optimal temperature of 140–150 °C for food applications. On the other hand, optimal pyrolysis temperatures would be much higher (350–500 °C) for Gd cottonseed and its defatted residues for non-food bio-oil and biochar production. The findings from this research enhance the potential utilization of Gd and Gl cottonseed kernels for food applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Chemical Composition and Thermogravimetric Behaviors of Glanded and Glandless Cottonseed Kernels

Nam

Zhang

et al. 2022

Molecules

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“…The negative response of nutrients in some CS lines was shown in, for example, CS-B02, CS-B04, and CS-M04 for C. It must be noted here that some seed nutrients showed different location responses in some CS lines, reflecting the significant effects of environmental conditions at each location. Previous research on other seed traits also showed different responses, depending on the environmental factors of each location, including soil type, temperature, drought, and other environmental conditions [13]. For example, during the critical months of growth (May through September), the temperature was higher in Mississippi state (Starkville, MS) than in Florence, SC, and precipitation was higher in Mississippi state (Starkville), except in July.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Nutrient accumulation in seeds is controlled by several processes, including nutrient uptake, translocation, redistribution, and accumulation [11,12]. Inheritance and genetic mechanisms of these processes need further research if ways to control these processes are to be identified [1,13]. The principal physiological and metabolic functions of plant macronutrients, including Ca, K, Mg, N, P, and S, are well documented [14,15], and quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with mineral accumulation in seeds were identified for rice [16], wheat [17], and the alfalfa-related model organism Medicago truncatula [18]; limited QTLs were identified for the macronutrients Ca, Mg, K, N, S, and P in soybean seed [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Interspecific Chromosome Substitution in Upland Cotton on Cottonseed Macronutrients

Bellaloui

Saha

Tonos

et al. 2021

Plants

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Nutrients, including macronutrients such as Ca, P, K, and Mg, are essential for crop production and seed quality, and for human and animal nutrition and health. Macronutrient deficiencies in soil lead to poor crop nutritional qualities and a low level of macronutrients in cottonseed meal-based products, leading to malnutrition. Therefore, the discovery of novel germplasm with a high level of macronutrients or significant variability in the macronutrient content of crop seeds is critical. To our knowledge, there is no information available on the effects of chromosome or chromosome arm substitution on cottonseed macronutrient content. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chromosome or chromosome arm substitution on the variability and content of the cottonseed macronutrients Ca, K, Mg, N, P, and S in chromosome substitution lines (CS). Nine chromosome substitution lines were grown in two-field experiments at two locations in 2013 in South Carolina, USA, and in 2014 in Mississippi, USA. The controls used were TM-1, the recurrent parent of the CS line, and the cultivar AM UA48. The results showed major variability in macronutrients among CS lines and between CS lines and controls. For example, in South Carolina, the mean values showed that five CS lines (CS-T02, CS-T04, CS-T08sh, CS-B02, and CS-B04) had higher Ca level in seed than controls. Ca levels in these CS lines varied from 1.88 to 2.63 g kg−1 compared with 1.81 and 1.72 g kg−1 for TM-1 and AMUA48, respectively, with CS-T04 having the highest Ca concentration. CS-M08sh exhibited the highest K concentration (14.50 g kg−1), an increase of 29% and 49% over TM-1 and AM UA48, respectively. Other CS lines had higher Mg, P, and S than the controls. A similar trend was found at the MS location. This research demonstrated that chromosome substitution resulted in higher seed macronutrients in some CS lines, and these CS lines with a higher content of macronutrients can be used as a genetic tool towards the identification of desired seed nutrition traits. Also, the CS lines with higher desired macronutrients can be used as parents to breed for improved nutritional quality in Upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., through improvement by the interspecific introgression of desired seed nutrient traits such as Ca, K, P, S, and N. The positive and significant (p ≤ 0.0001) correlation of P with Ca, P with Mg, S with P, and S with N will aid in understanding the relationships between nutrients to improve the fertilizer management program and maintain higher cottonseed nutrient content.

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“…These components are uniquely distributed across different layers within the plant species (Fang, 2018;Salem et al, 2022). Beyond its pivotal role in the textile industry, cotton fiber's seeds emerge as a valuable source of protein, oil, and minerals, heralding potential benefits for human health and livestock nutrition (Bellaloui et al, 2021). While cotton once stood as a cornerstone of Ecuador's agricultural sector, its cultivation area has seen a gradual decline over the years (García et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cercospora leaf spot management with nitrogenous fertilizers in cotton is dependent on the disease amount in the plant canopies

Parrales-Rodríguez,

Zambrano-Gavilanes,

Portalanza

et al. 2024

Sci. agropecu.

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The aim of this study was to examine the impact of both organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizers on the intensity and epidemiological components of Cercospora leaf spot across three different canopies of cotton plants, specifically the variety DP ACALA 90, under field conditions. Fertilizers used in the study included bovine manure, Jatropha curcas seedcake, poultry manure, and urea (the latter serving as a control). These were applied at 20 days after plant emergence and then during the flowering stage until the total nitrogen (N) dose reached 50, 100, 150, or 200 kg N per hectare. The incidence and severity of the disease were assessed starting at the reproductive stage B1 (the first visible flower bud) across the lower, middle, and upper canopies of four cotton plants, with six evaluations conducted over time. To calculate the initial inoculum (Y0) and the disease progress rate (r), the Exponential, Gompertz, and Logistic models were employed based on temporal data. The study was designed as a randomized complete block with a 4x4 factorial arrangement (fertilizer type x dose), and mean comparisons were made using Tukey's test (p ≤ 0.05). It was found that disease intensity within each canopy level varied in response to the type of nitrogen source and the applied dose, with the severity of the disease (including the area under the disease progress curve) being particularly influenced. A significant interaction between the type of fertilizer and the dose regarding the intensity of Cercospora leaf spot was observed. The Exponential model most accurately depicted the disease's temporal progression. Notably, poultry manure and urea were the fertilizers that most adversely influenced the intensity and initial inoculum (Y0) of Cercospora leaf spot across the various canopies of the cotton plants. The findings suggest that the use of organic fertilizers in cotton cultivation could represent a viable sustainable management strategy.

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Cottonseed Protein, Oil, and Minerals in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Lines Differing in Curly Leaf Morphology

Cited by 8 publications

References 54 publications

Chemical Composition and Thermogravimetric Behaviors of Glanded and Glandless Cottonseed Kernels

Chemical Composition and Thermogravimetric Behaviors of Glanded and Glandless Cottonseed Kernels

Effects of Interspecific Chromosome Substitution in Upland Cotton on Cottonseed Macronutrients

Cercospora leaf spot management with nitrogenous fertilizers in cotton is dependent on the disease amount in the plant canopies

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