Cottonmouth snake bites reported to the ToxIC North American snakebite registry 2013–2017

Domanski, Kristina; Kleinschmidt, Kurt; Greene, Spencer; Ruha, Anne‐Michelle; Bebarta, Vikhyat S.; Onisko, Nancy; Campleman, Sharan L.; Brent, Jeffery; Wax, Paul M.

doi:10.1080/15563650.2019.1627367

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Local myotoxicity is a characteristic of viperid envenomations, in which PLA 2 s affect predominantly muscles near the injection site [47]. This is consistent with clinical examinations of Agkistrodon bites in the United States, where the main clinical manifestations are local effects that are in some cases associated with permanent dysfunction, while systemic effects are generally absent [19].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

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ACP-TX-I and ACP-TX-II, Two Novel Phospholipases A2 Isolated from Trans-Pecos Copperhead Agkistrodon contortrix pictigaster Venom: Biochemical and Functional Characterization

Huancahuire-Vega

Hollanda

Gomes-Heleno

et al. 2019

Toxins

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This work reports the purification and biochemical and functional characterization of ACP-TX-I and ACP-TX-II, two phospholipases A2 (PLA2) from Agkistrodon contortrix pictigaster venom. Both PLA2s were highly purified by a single chromatographic step on a C18 reverse phase HPLC column. Various peptide sequences from these two toxins showed similarity to those of other PLA2 toxins from viperid snake venoms. ACP-TX-I belongs to the catalytically inactive K49 PLA2 class, while ACP-TX-II is a D49 PLA2, and is enzymatically active. ACP-TX-I PLA2 is monomeric, which results in markedly diminished myotoxic and inflammatory activities when compared with dimeric K49 PLA2s, confirming the hypothesis that dimeric structure contributes heavily to the profound myotoxicity of the most active viperid K49 PLA2s. ACP-TX-II exhibits the main pharmacological actions reported for this protein family, including in vivo local myotoxicity, edema-forming activity, and in vitro cytotoxicity. ACP-TX-I PLA2 is cytotoxic to A549 lung carcinoma cells, indicating that cytotoxicity to these tumor cells does not require enzymatic activity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Cottonmouths frequent streams, rivers, ponds, marshes, and swamps, whereas copperheads are found in deciduous hardwood forests with moist leaf litter, large logs, scattered rocks, and high levels of vegetative cover. These snakes account for ~30% of the non-lethal human envenomations in this region [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%