Cotton Fabric-Supported Cationic Acrylate Polymer as an Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for Williamson Ether Synthesis Reaction in Solid–Liquid–Liquid Phase Transfer Catalysis System

Abstract

Cotton-based catalytic fabric (CCF) was prepared by the simple padding-drying method with the copolymer of five functional monomers as the modifier and was applied in the solid–liquid–liquid phase-transfer catalysis (SLL-PTC) system. Effects of the structure of the function monomer, the content of the cation, and the loading amount on the catalytic activity of CCF were investigated. The lipophilicity, disperse extent of cationic center, and the accessory to the ion for CCF were influenced by the structure and content of the function monomer. The organic phase was adsorbed on the surface of the catalytic fabric, and the novel catalytic cycle in the PTC system was initiated. The anion in the aqueous phase diffuses through the interfacial region to the site for ion exchange. Bond-forming reaction was initiated in the interfacial region between the organic phase on the fabric and the aqueous phase. The conversion rate for Williamson ether synthesis reaction reached 92%, and CCF could be reused five times in this SLL-PTC system.

State Of The Art Of Supported Phase Transfer‐Catalysts Onium Salt‐Based

“…(Figure 12). [44] Most of the polymer-supported catalysts reported in the literature and in this review, show usually superiorities in academic research, but further investigation is required for the potential industrial application. Hence, the development of new approaches for practical heterogeneous catalysts using low-cost and serviceable supports would give more possibilities for such techniques to be applied in industrial manufacturing.…”

“…Many approaches have been used from using polymer and clay‐supported catalysts, [15,19–44] porous solid catalysts, [16,45–58] and recently carbonaceous materials, [59–61] that irrefutably show the power of this strategy in meeting the environmental requirements in terms of significantly reduced waste, low toxicity, and low cost.…”

General Construction of Asymmetric Amine Ethers via Efficient Transesterification

“…[9] However, these methods are deficient in the synthesis of asymmetric amine ethers for reasons of poor selectivity, incompatibility, inertness of the system, etc. Recently, the cutting-edge means like catalysis with ionic liquid, [10] photocatalysis, [11] electrocatalysis, [12] copolymerized cotton fabric catalysis, [13] promotion with supercritical carbon dioxide, [14] have been employed to prepare ethers. However, they also suffer from high cost and harsh reaction conditions.…”

Chiral Yolk–Shell MOF as an Efficient Nanoreactor for Asymmetric Catalysis in Organic-Aqueous Two-Phase System

“…Additionally, the hydrophobic core of chiral Salen(Mn(III)) with a low degree of polymerization combined with the relative hydrophilic shell of ZIF-8 made the yolk− shell nanoreactor disperse at the interface (Figure S2b2) of the organic-aqueous phase and act as an asymmetric phase-transfer catalyst. 22,23 The formation process of yolk−shell chiral Salen(Mn(III)) @ZIF-8 was clearly demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and so on. The macroscopic color of the CPS was apricot yellow relative to milky white pure PS because of the introduction of chiral Salen(Mn(III)) (Figure S3).…”

“…The chiral Salen­(Mn­(III)) molecule with low polymerization degree could be retained in the cavity after solvent depolymerization because of the small aperture of the ZIF-8 shell (Figure S2a). Additionally, the hydrophobic core of chiral Salen­(Mn­(III)) with a low degree of polymerization combined with the relative hydrophilic shell of ZIF-8 made the yolk–shell nanoreactor disperse at the interface (Figure S2b2) of the organic-aqueous phase and act as an asymmetric phase-transfer catalyst. , …”