Cotton Cloth‐Induced Flexible Hierarchical Carbon Film for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

Flexible substrates play a decisive effect on the functions of flexible energy storage devices. However, systematical investigation and understanding of often-used flexible carbon-based substrates is lack. In this work, a reliable cotton cloth induced flexible hierarchical carbon film is facilely obtained. The synthesized-carbonized cotton cloth (SCC) owns distinctive carbon nature with perfect order level and defects, unique porous microstructure, and crosslinked-network. The SCC exhibits favorable flexibility, fast kinetics, high structural and electro-chemical durability with high performance (239.4 mAh g À 1 and 155.2 mAh g À 1 at 0.01 A g À 1 in the ether-and ester-based electrolyte in sodium-ion batteries, respectively), superior to commonly-used commercial carbon cloth and graphene film. In addition, the predominant surface-controlled reaction mechanism, effective solid electrolyte interphase and favorable compatible features with different electrolytes are also intensively studied.

Revisiting Electrolyte Kinetics Differences in Sodium Ion Battery: Are Esters Really Inferior to Ethers?

“…The results of the traditional half‐cell test all indicate that the PHC anode accesses better kinetics in ether than in ester electrolytes, agreeing with those previous reports. [ 17,21,36,37 ]…”

“…The results of the traditional half-cell test all indicate that the PHC anode accesses better kinetics in ether than in ester electrolytes, agreeing with those previous reports. [17,21,36,37] In the full-cell test, the promising layered metal oxide O3-Na (NiFeMn) 1/3 O 2 (NFM) was initially selected as the cathode to match the PHC anode. [38,39] The rate capability of NFM//PHC full cell was examined at different rates from 0.02 to 2 A g À1 (Figure 2a-c).…”

Advanced Carbons Nanofibers‐Based Electrodes for Flexible Energy Storage Devices

“…Therefore, this section and Table 2 will summarize the latest developments in CNFs-based flexible SIBs/PIBs to provide a clear idea for future research on flexible SIBs/PIBs. CNFs as anodes cotton cloth -195 mAh g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 (250) 115 mAh g −1 at 2 A g −1 -SIBs [111] oxidized carbon paper -196 mAh g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 (200) --SIBs [112] hard-carbon fibers -215 mAh g −1 at 0.025 A g −1 (200)…”

“…CNFs as Flexible Anodes: The characteristics of flexible CNFs are commonly associated with preparation methods and carbon sources, such as polymers, [110] cotton cloth, [111] cellulose, and so on. [112] A cotton-induced carbonized cotton cloth (SCC) was prepared by Zhang et al [111] (Figure 7a), which possesses excellent ordered horizontal orientation, defects, abundant pores, and cross-linked networks.…”

“…Reproduced with permission. [ 111 ] Copyright 2016, Wiley‐VCH GmbH. c) Schematic illustration of the fabrication process, and d) cycling performance at 5 A g −1 of N‐CNF films.…”