Costs to Hospitals of Acquiring and Processing Blood in the US

Toner, Richard W.; Pizzi, Laura T.; Leas, Brian F; Ballas, Samir K.; Quigley, Alyson; Goldfarb, Neil I.

doi:10.2165/11530740-000000000-00000

Cited by 122 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Average prices in 2010 ranged from $154 to $211 per unit (Toner States and Europe. Average prices in 2010 ranged from $154 to $211 per unit (Toner et al 2011;Shander et al 2010;Dreaper 2010) to cover operating costs of collecting et al 2011 ;Shander et al 2010;Dreaper 2010) to cover operating costs of collecting and storing the blood that include staff, facilities, equipment, and testing. Prices and storing the blood that include staff, facilities, equipment, and testing.…”

Section: Blood Pricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…US patients on average pay hospitals $334 per unit for whole periods of shortage. US patients on average pay hospitals $334 per unit for whole blood (Toner et al 2011). blood (Toner et al 2011).…”

Section: Blood Pricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plasma is depending on donation frequency (Blood Plasma Donation Tips 2013). Plasma is then aggregated and fractionated into its component parts and sold to hospitals then aggregated and fractionated into its component parts and sold to hospitals and drug companies, who pay on average $61 per unit for plasma and $534 per unit and drug companies, who pay on average $61 per unit for plasma and $534 per unit for platelets (Toner et al 2011). Plasma prices fl uctuate with supply and demand for platelets (Toner et al 2011).…”

Section: Blood Pricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plasma is then aggregated and fractionated into its component parts and sold to hospitals then aggregated and fractionated into its component parts and sold to hospitals and drug companies, who pay on average $61 per unit for plasma and $534 per unit and drug companies, who pay on average $61 per unit for plasma and $534 per unit for platelets (Toner et al 2011). Plasma prices fl uctuate with supply and demand for platelets (Toner et al 2011). Plasma prices fl uctuate with supply and demand factors; for example, with increased regulations increasing the costs to fractionators factors; for example, with increased regulations increasing the costs to fractionators in the mid-1990s, the price of plasma products jumped more than 20 percent from in the mid-1990s, the price of plasma products jumped more than 20 percent from 1996 to 1998 (Flood et al 2006).…”

Section: Blood Pricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Market for Blood

Slonim¹,

Wang²,

Garbarino³

2014

Journal of Economic Perspectives

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imbalances are not unexpected given that the blood market operates without market imbalances are not unexpected given that the blood market operates without market prices and with limited storage length (about six weeks) for whole blood. Yet shifting prices and with limited storage length (about six weeks) for whole blood. Yet shifting to a system of paying blood donors seems a practical impossibility given attitudes to a system of paying blood donors seems a practical impossibility given attitudes toward paying blood donors and concerns that a paid system could compromise toward paying blood donors and concerns that a paid system could compromise blood safety. Nonetheless, we believe that an economic perspective offers promising blood safety. Nonetheless, we believe that an economic perspective offers promising directions to increase supply and improve the supply and demand balance even in directions to increase supply and improve the supply and demand balance even in the presence of volunteer supply and with the absence of market prices. the presence of volunteer supply and with the absence of market prices.

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Section: Blood Pricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Blood Pricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Blood Pricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Blood Pricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Market for Blood

Slonim¹,

Wang²,

Garbarino³

2014

Journal of Economic Perspectives

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The exact figures of costs to hospitals of acquiring and processing blood in the US and a survey of hospital-based blood banks and transfusion services are well detailed in (Toner et al, 2011); the annual costs of blood transfusion in the UK are presented in (Varney and Guest, 2003); the cost of blood transfusion in Western Europe from five countries (UK, Sweden, Switzerland, Austria and France) is detailed in (Abraham and Sun, 2012;Schottstedt et al, 1998;Chiavetta et al, 2003;Jackson et al, 2003;AuBuchon, 2003;Stramer et al, 2004;Marshall et al, 2004;Hourfar et al, 2008;Ghandforoush and Sen, 2010;Stramer et al, 2011). Details are omitted for brevity.…”

Section: Blood Screening Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Stochastic Approach to Blood Supply, Demand and Screening in Central Blood Banks - A Review

Bar‐Lev¹

2017

Current Research in Biostatistics

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Abstract:One of the major issues in securing blood supply to patients worldwide is to provide blood of the best achievable quality, in the needed quantities. Central Blood Services (CBS's) worldwide are daily faced with the problem how to satisfy demands for blood from various hospitals. These hospitals, in their turn, are faced with the problem how to satisfy demands for blood from their patients. To solve these problems in a costeffective way is notoriously difficult, because (i) the amounts of available blood and of blood demand are random, (ii) blood can only be used during a limited amount of time, (iii) one must distinguish various blood components (red blood cells, plasma and platelets) with different associated costs and perishability and (iv) one must distinguish persons with different blood types (like AB + and O − ) with different capabilities to act as donor or as recipient. In this review paper we provide the subject background, describing the blood characteristics and the operation of CBS and hospital blood banks. In particular we describe blood demand, blood components and blood types. We depict blood screening procedures and their processing times and provide with some real data. Particularly we describe a stochastic approach to blood screening and inventory. An emphasis will be given to inventory management and blood allocation, stochastic imput-output of the inventory system and some cost functions involved.

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Ethical Questions about Platelet Transfusions at the End of Life

Sherbeck

Boss

2016

AMA Journal of Ethics

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This case of platelet transfusion in palliative care illustrates a common dilemma in transfusion medicine: approval of the use of a scarce, yet potentially life-saving, resource. As in this case, these decisions often involve seriously ill patients with acute needs and evolving goals of care. The use of resources to treat the patient at hand must be balanced against maintaining adequate resources to treat future patients. In this setting, the ethical principles of beneficence and social justice are in conflict. CaseDr. J, a second-year resident on the palliative care service, has become quite close to his patient, Emma, a 5-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Two years ago, Emma completed successful chemotherapy and achieved remission, but a recent bone marrow biopsy showed lymphoblastic infiltration. She was started on a rescue therapy program with little response and underwent a bone marrow transplant. During this relapse, she has been hospitalized on multiple occasions for infections and bleeding, which required blood and platelet transfusions, and is now receiving palliative care for tumor lysis syndrome. It is Emma's medical team's opinion that there is no more that can be done to cure her leukemia, which prompted her transfer to the palliative care service. Shortly after transfer, Emma developed bright red blood per rectum, and Dr. J requested human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched platelet transfusion for her to help stop the bleeding.Dr. S, a third-year pathology resident, received Dr. J's request for HLA-matched platelets. Typically, pathologists oversee platelet distribution, since they are the physicians responsible for administering transfusion services in a hospital-maintaining an adequate blood supply, monitoring blood donor and patient-recipient safety, ensuring appropriate blood utilization, and directing the preparation and safe use of blood components according to a hospital's platelet distribution protocol. Since Dr. S oversees a busy transfusion service with many sick patients requiring blood and platelets, one of her duties is to carefully assess each request for these limited resources. She contacts Dr. J and asks for more information about his request. Dr. S explains that HLA-matched

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Costs to Hospitals of Acquiring and Processing Blood in the US

Cited by 122 publications

References 13 publications

The Market for Blood

The Market for Blood

A Stochastic Approach to Blood Supply, Demand and Screening in Central Blood Banks - A Review

Ethical Questions about Platelet Transfusions at the End of Life

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