Costs of hospital trauma team simulation training: a prospective cohort study

Abstract

ObjectivesThis study investigated the costs of 2-hour multiprofessional in situ hospital trauma team simulation training and its effects on teams’ non-technical skills using the T-NOTECHS instrument.BackgroundSimulation is a feasible and effective teaching and learning method. Calculating the costs of simulated trauma team training in medical emergency situations can yield valuable information for improving its overall cost-effectiveness.DesignA prospective cohort study.SettingTrauma resuscitation room in Central Finland Hospital, Finland.Participants475 medical professionals in 81 consecutive, simulated trauma teams.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTeam simulation training costs in 2017 and 2018 were analysed in the following two phases: (1) start-up costs and (2) costs of education. Primary outcome measures were training costs per participant and training costs per team. Secondary outcome measures were non-technical skills, which were measured on a 5–25-point scale using the T-NOTECHS instrument.ResultsThe annual mean total costs of trauma team simulation training were €58 000 for 40 training sessions and 238 professionals. Mean cost per participant was €203. Mean cost per team was €1220. The annual costs of simulation training markedly decreased when at least 70–80 teams participated in the training. Mean change in T-NOTECHS score after simulation training was +2.86 points (95% CI 1.97 to 3.75;+14.5%).ConclusionsThe greater the number of teams trained per year, the lower the costs per trauma team. In this study, we developed an activity-based costing method to calculate the costs of trauma team simulation training to help stakeholders make decisions about whether to initiate or increase existing trauma team simulation training or to obtain these services elsewhere.

The effectiveness of improving healthcare teams’ human factor skills using simulation-based training: a systematic review

“…The vast majority ( n = 65) of the studies concluded that SBT could develop qualified teams using HFS. In two-thirds of the studies, HFS as the sole focus of the training were seen and associated with enhanced effectiveness [ 13 , 47 – 73 ]. These studies were mainly conducted in simulation centres, with smaller teams ( n = 2–8 members), and the SBT-courses were announced.…”

“…For instance, the increased time could also be due to improvements in the TS and not the HFS. HFS training associated with specific behaviour markers were the most successful assessment [ 10 , 49 , 54 , 59 , 65 , 72 , 73 , 79 , 101 , 102 , 114 ]. Five tools generally inspired the methods used: crisis resource management [ 117 , 118 ]; Kirkpatrick Model: Four Levels of Learning Evaluation [ 119 ]; Mayo High-Performance Teamwork Scale [ 120 ]; Ottawa Global Rating Scale [ 121 ]; and TeamSTEPPS® [ 122 ].…”

“…Some studies ( n = 21) used video recording and blinded assessors [ 47 , 48 , 54 , 58 , 60 , 61 , 63 , 66 , 70 , 71 , 74 , 76 , 89 , 91 , 98 , 99 , 103 , 106 , 108 , 111 , 114 ], which increased the validity of the ratings; because the assessors’ could rewind the video and review the situation multiple times. Other studies rated participants in real-time, which challenged the assessors’ ability to simultaneously watch, listen and rate [ 10 , 49 – 51 , 53 , 57 , 59 , 62 – 65 , 67 , 68 , 72 , 73 , 75 , 77 – 79 , 81 , 85 , 93 , 96 , 101 , 107 , 115 , 125 ].…”

“…The specification of the trained HFS were described in various ways. Eleven studies [ 10 , 13 , 54 , 69 , 71 , 98 , 100 , 101 , 103 , 114 , 115 ] described HFS with behaviour markers, attitudes or as a definition of the chosen HFS, while others ( n = 15) only mentioned the HFS in broad indefinite terms such as communication or teamwork [ 49 , 57 , 58 , 63 , 73 , 76 , 79 , 85 , 88 , 89 , 102 , 106 , 108 , 109 , 112 ]. Communication and teamwork were the two most trained HFS.…”

In situ simulation as a health team training methodology in the hospital context: integrative review

“…Tratando-se dos custos de treinamento, uma pesquisa realizada por Rosqvist et al (2021) estimou custos totais médios anuais de treinamento da equipe de € 58.000 para 40 sessões de treinamento, sendo o custo médio por participante foi de € 203 e de equipe foi de 1220€. No entanto, uma equipe treinada reduz os riscos de eventos adversos aos usuários de saúde e aumenta a qualidade da assistência prestada pelos profissionais.…”