Costs for water supply, treatment, end-use and reclamation

Plappally, Anand; Lienhard, John H.

doi:10.1080/19443994.2012.708996

Cited by 78 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Many water purification methods and technologies have been developed and employed over the years 1 . Most of these methods are cost and energy intensive and are not easily adaptable to the rural population of the developing world 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plappally carried out an extensive review on clay ceramic based water filters 14 . Plappally and Lienhard reviewed cost and microbial filtration efficacy of these clay ceramic water filtration devices 1 . Hunter asserted that these clay ceramic water filters are most effective long-term water filtration solutions for households in developing nations 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of these methods are cost and energy intensive and are not easily adaptable to the rural population of the developing world 2 . A very simple and effective method using water filtration through clay-ceramic pots have been used over the years in many rural parts of the developing world 1 . The ultrafine pore passages with high tortuosity in the clay material trap most of the non-soluble contaminants and bacteria (> 99%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Percolating decontaminated/filtered water drips down these off-white water pots 10 which can be collected and used as potable water. Filtration by gravity is a low cost, energy efficient operation 1 . Frustum shaped ceramic water filters have showcased log removals of 2 to 4 while filtering water contaminated with microbes such as E. Coli 1,[11][12][13] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Filtration by gravity is a low cost, energy efficient operation 1 . Frustum shaped ceramic water filters have showcased log removals of 2 to 4 while filtering water contaminated with microbes such as E. Coli 1,[11][12][13] . This filtration technology, however, does not perform well in case of virus filtration 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Household Production of Ceramic Water Filters in Western Rajasthan, India

Gupta¹,

Satankar²,

Kaurwar³

et al. 2018

IJSLE

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--Frustum shaped clay ceramic water filters are being manufactured by the potters of the Thar Desert in India for household use. The clay composite consists of a homogeneous mixture of equal volume of clay and sawdust. A low-cost manual press, to form the clay composite into frustum shape, is developed by the present authors. This article elaborates critical investigation of the specific traditional clay-firing technique used, to achieve the required functionality and material property of the filters. Household based manufacturing of these filters is found to be markedly different from factory based production by firing process. The functional features of the clay ceramic filter, such as microbial filtration rate, flow rate, and compressive strength, are evaluated and presented. An E. coli bacteria removal efficiency of more than 99% is achieved using these clay ceramic water filters. Optimal filtration rates are achieved between ambient temperatures ranging from 30 o C -40 o C.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Household Production of Ceramic Water Filters in Western Rajasthan, India

Gupta¹,

Satankar²,

Kaurwar³

et al. 2018

IJSLE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Energy recycling of pyrolysis water as a part of coal‐water fuel

Ларионов

Gvozdyakov

Zenkov

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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Under research, there is a combustion process of multicomponent coal-water fuel (CWF) that was conducted with mixing ratio of coal, pyrolysis, and technical water. The pyrolysis water was extracted through pyrolysis oil settling, where the oil was obtained from pyrolysis of wood waste. Ignition and combustion of CWF samples were carried out in a combustion chamber at heating medium temperatures (T g = 600-1000 C, with an interim step of 50 C). Gas-phase combustion products were analyzed with a flow-line gas analyzer. Technical water in CWF composition was replaced with pyrolysis one that was acted to raise the reactive capacity. It resulted in reducing the ignition delay time τ i (by an average of 25%) and the minimum ignition temperature T min i (from 440 С to 393 С, reliance on a CWF composition). In addition, increase in flame combustion time was recorded by an average of 20%, as well as dependence on a heating medium temperature and a CWF composition. In the case when a CWF liquid-phase component was completely replaced with the pyrolysis water, the significant increase in heat value by 2.14 MJ/kg was observed. According to the data of the flow-line gas analyzer, we concluded that the CWF combustion based on the pyrolysis water was accompanied by less NO x emission (by an average of 22%) but more CO and CO 2 amount (by an average of 1.4 and 1.2, respectively). It was found according to the results of the energy balance assessment that application of pyrolysis water in CWF composition leads to a decrease in fuel consumption for heat production by 16.7%.

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