Costs and quality of life in community-dwelling patients with Alzheimer's disease in Spain: results from the GERAS II observational study

Abstract

Societal costs associated with AD in Spain were largely attributable to caregiver informal care costs and increased with increasing AD dementia severity.

Costs and Resource Use Associated with Community-Dwelling Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease in Japan: Baseline Results from the Prospective Observational GERAS-J Study

“…This trend is consistent with previous reports examining AD severity and costs regardless of the method used to define AD severity and of the country where the study was conducted [35][36][37][38][39]. In GERAS-J, patient direct medical costs remained relatively constant across AD severity groups, consistent with GERAS-I [20] and GERAS-II (Spain) [22]. Our multivariate analyses showed a common pattern of independent factors associated with total societal costs among Japan and EU countries.…”

“…The key results presented here are consistent with baseline results from GERAS-I (UK, France, and Germany) [20] and GERAS-II (Spain) [22]. The total societal costs associated with AD in GERAS-J rose with increasing AD severity and were approximately 1.9-fold higher among patients with moderately severe/severe than with mild AD.…”

“…In GERAS-J, GERAS-I, and GERAS-II, informal care costs (caregiver time, costs associated with the caregiver missing work) was the largest driver of total societal costs [20][21][22]. In GERAS-J, caregiver informal costs comprised 56%, 55%, and 60% of total societal costs each among patients with mild, moderate, and moderately severe/severe AD, respectively.…”

“…The GERAS-Japan (GERAS-J) study was designed to provide domestic cost data under the Japanese health care system. GERAS-J is an 18-month prospective observational study [19] similar to studies conducted in European Union countries, GERAS-I (UK, France, and Germany) [20] and GERAS-II (Italy [21] and Spain [22]). The GERAS studies were designed to determine resource use and total costs associated with AD dementia and its impact on caregivers, stratified by AD severity (mild, moderate, and moderately severe/severe) at study entry.…”

Intranasal insulin in Alzheimer’s dementia or mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review

“…Recent studies have shown that the overall point prevalence of dementia due to AD among individuals older than 60 years is over 40 per 1000 persons (2). The disease affects society both in terms of economy and of quality of life (3). Despite the use of many different treatments, there is currently no effective way to halt the progression of the disease (4–8).…”