Costly third-party interventions: The role of incidental anger and attention focus in punishment of the perpetrator and compensation of the victim

Gummerum, Michaela; Dillen, Lotte F. van; Dijk, Eric van; López‐Pérez, Belén

doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2016.04.004

Cited by 64 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…One possible interpretation of this observation, particularly given the role of identity strength in this study, is that participants may have unconsciously attuned more to the needs of the victim than to the behaviour of the perpetrator. This assertion is supported by Gummerum et al (2016) who found that participants were more willing to compensate the victim when manipulated to experience the victims' feelings from the victim's perspective. Van Doorn and Brouwers (2018) posit that participants choose to compensate the victim for various reasons such as in order to gain the victims respect or because they care about the victim as an ingroup member.…”

Section: Ta B L E 3 Multinomial Logistic Regression Used To Predict Amentioning

confidence: 83%

The effects of empathy, perceived injustice and group identity on altruistic preferences: Towards compensation or punishment

2018

J Applied Social Pyschol

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Previous research supports that both empathic concern and perspective‐taking are predictors of altruistic behaviours in dictator games. Less is known, however, about how the identity of the victim and the perpetrator and the strength of ingroup identity of the observer in such games impacts upon preferences for altruistic compensation and punishment. Focusing on gender identity, the present research aimed to examine the effects of empathy, perceived injustice and ingroup identity strength on preferences for altruistic compensation and punishment. Female adult participants (n = 116) were recruited through an online survey conducted in the United Kingdom. Using a dictator‐style game, participants were randomly assigned to observe either a male or female distributing resources to a female victim, after which they were asked to rate their feelings of injustice and then completed a series of measures including empathic concern, perspective‐taking and strength of gender identity. Results demonstrate that empathic concern and perspective‐taking predicted third‐party altruistic preferences but there was no effect of experimental condition (perpetrator identity). Results have implications for promoting perspective‐taking‐focused empathy intervention in occasions where distributive inequality or intergroup bias frequently occurs. These are also the insight to female’s awareness of gender equality and a novel enforce of norm violations.

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Section: Ta B L E 3 Multinomial Logistic Regression Used To Predict Amentioning

confidence: 83%

The effects of empathy, perceived injustice and group identity on altruistic preferences: Towards compensation or punishment

2018

J Applied Social Pyschol

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“…The antecedents of anger are also core causes of moral judgment (e.g., Cushman, 2008). Indeed, a variety of studies have identified anger as the primary emotional response to cheating or unfairness, even when involving a third-party victim (Gummerum, Van Dillen, Van Dijk, & López-Pérez, 2016;Petersen, 2010;Petersen, Sznycer, Cosmides, & Tooby, 2012;Seip, Van Dijk, & Rotteveel, 2014). Thus, the appraisal themes of anger suggest it may play a critical role in moralization.…”

Section: Angermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anger also motivates behaviors that serve to regulate social behavior. For example, anger has been linked to punishment in economic games (Gummerum et al, 2016;Seip et al, 2014), more vengeful foreign policy attitudes (Lerner, Gonzalez, Small, & Fischhoff, 2003;Skitka, Bauman, Aramovich, & Morgan, 2006), and other punitive policy attitudes (Gault & Sabini, 2000). And these effects are supported by individualistic attributions of responsibility (Petersen, 2010;Small & Lerner, 2008;Small, Lerner, & Fischhoff, 2006).…”

Section: Angermentioning

confidence: 99%

How Emotional Frames Moralize and Polarize Political Attitudes

Clifford

2018

Political Psychology

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Moralized issues, such as abortion and same‐sex marriage, are some of the most polarizing and divisive issues in politics. These topics motivate political engagement but present a barrier to democratic resolution. Yet we know little about how some issues become “moral issues” and others do not. In this article, I argue that exposure to persuasive frames, particularly those eliciting anger and disgust, serves to moralize and polarize public opinion. I test these hypotheses across three experiments on emerging debates over food politics. The results consistently show that persuasive frames increase issue moralization and, in turn, facilitate polarization. A panel analysis demonstrates that the effect of a single exposure lasts at least two weeks. Mediation analyses suggest that feelings of disgust and anger help explain how persuasive frames moralize political attitudes, while anger alone seems to explain the polarizing effects of framing. Overall, the findings provide new insight into framing, emotion, and the development of moral issues.

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“…Overall, similar to personal anger, empathic anger is likely to direct action towards retaliation against a transgressor, but importantly also towards the promotion of the interests of the victim of the observed harm (Frijda, 1988). Consistently, several studies found that, in addition to a wish to punish transgressors, feelings of empathic anger were also strongly associated with a desire to help victims (Gummerum, Van Dillen, Van Dijk, & L opez-P erez, 2016;van Doorn, Zeelenberg, Breugelmans, Berger, & Okimoto, 2018;Vitaglione & Barnett, 2003). In line with these findings, Kish-Gephart, Detert, Treviño, and Edmondson (2009) suggested empathic anger as a possible way to overcome fear-based silence when individuals observe mistreatment of others (Kirrane, O'Shea, Buckley, Grazi, & Prout, 2017).…”

Section: Emotional Displays By Male and Female Leadersmentioning

confidence: 78%

Gender, leadership, and the display of empathic anger

Keck

2019

J Occupat & Organ Psyc

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Three experimental studies with different participant pools examined the effects of displays of empathic anger – anger that is caused by witnessing or learning of harm done to another person – on perceptions of men and women in leadership positions. In contrast to prior work, which focused on expressions of anger regarding personal failure and found double standards that favour men, the results in this study show that displays of empathic anger were significantly more beneficial for female leaders. In particular, female leaders who expressed anger about a harm done to a subordinate were perceived as possessing more agentic and communal characteristics, and as being more effective in their position, than their male counterparts. Moreover, the results showed that this effect was driven by observers’ tendency to attribute empathic anger expressed by female compared with male leaders more strongly to internal reasons like the leader's personality. Consistent with these findings, the different perceptions of male and female leaders were no longer present when attributions for the displays of empathic anger were clearly internal. Practitioner points To be effective leaders, female managers need to show qualities like determination and confidence, but unlike male leaders, they often find it difficult to do so without simultaneously been judged as lacking important attributes like warmth and kindness. The results in this study suggest that female leaders can overcome this problem by expressing anger about a harm done to others, which causes observes to judge them even more positively than male leaders who engage in the same behaviour. Overall, whereas female leaders should generally avoid expressing anger about a personal harm for which they are judged very negatively, they should not be reluctant to display anger about harm done to other members of organization when they have the opportunity to do so.

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Costly third-party interventions: The role of incidental anger and attention focus in punishment of the perpetrator and compensation of the victim

Cited by 64 publications

References 55 publications

The effects of empathy, perceived injustice and group identity on altruistic preferences: Towards compensation or punishment

The effects of empathy, perceived injustice and group identity on altruistic preferences: Towards compensation or punishment

How Emotional Frames Moralize and Polarize Political Attitudes

Gender, leadership, and the display of empathic anger

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