Costly Commuting and the Job Ladder

The Gender Pay Gap: Micro Sources and Macro Consequences

“…In addition, our model has several unique implications for gender inequality and equal-treatment policies not previously considered. 2 Several works have estimated the values of specific job amenities like employer health insurance (Dey and Flinn, 2005), job security (Jarosch, 2023), fatality risk (Lavetti and Schmutte, 2018), commuting costs (Flemming, 2020), location (Heise and Porzio, 2023), family friendliness (Hotz et al, 2018;Xiao, 2023), and working conditions (Bonhomme and Jolivet, 2009). Theoretical work by Hwang et al (1998), Lang andMajumdar (2004), andAlbrecht et al (2018) develop models with nonspecific job amenities.…”

Welfare losses of road congestion: Evidence from Rome

“…Differently from these papers, we adopt a disaggregate framework that measures such costs at the level of single roads. 6 Our analysis ignores changes within-day scheduling of trips, as well as long-run changes in location, employment and agglomeration (Flemming, 2021;Brinkman, 2016). Our methodology, that estimates travel time as a function of traffic density, is similar to Yang et al (2020), who provide estimates of the marginal cost of congestion in Beijing.…”

Beyond Lost Earnings: The Long-Term Impact of Job Displacement on Workers’ Commuting Behavior

“…As discussed in Section 2, the average number of workers displaced in a mass layoff is negligible relative to the size of a local labor market. Therefore, mass layoffs are unlikely to have general equilibrium effects on the job offer distribution or labor market tightness(Flemming, 2020).…”