Cost-utility analysis of offering a novel remunerated community pharmacist consultation service on influenza vaccination for seniors in Ontario, Canada

Pullagura, Gokul Raj; Waite, Nancy; Houle, Sherilyn K.D.; Violette, Richard; Wong, William

doi:10.1016/j.japh.2019.02.011

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Although the remuneration of community pharmacists has mainly been based on their retailing and dispensing functions, a few countries have introduced payment mechanism reforms as a means of encouraging the adoption of this role (68). For instance, the fee-for-service model has been adopted to encourage pharmacists to provide smoking cessation services (69), influenza vaccination (70), and diabetes-related education, training and monitoring in the community settings (71) and was more preferred by pharmacists as it was easy to implement and integrate into the existing business model (72). Pay-for-performance model has been used in a UK program, where pharmacies were renumerated based on the number of people who successfully quit smoking (73).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing the Uptake of Public Health Interventions Delivery by Community Pharmacists: A thematic literature review

Mumbi,

Mugo,

Barasa

et al. 2024

Preprint

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BackgroundCommunity pharmacies are the first point of contact for most people seeking treatment for minor illnesses in Low– and middle-income countries (LMICs). In recent years, the role of community pharmacists has evolved, and they play a significant role in the delivery of public health interventions (PHIs) aimed at health promotion and prevention such as smoking cessation services, weight management services, HIV prevention, and vaccination. This review aims to explore the evidence on the factors that influence community pharmacists to take up the role of delivery of these interventions.MethodsThree electronic databases namely, Embase, Medline, and Scopus were searched for relevant literature from the inception of the database to December 2023. Reference lists of included articles were also searched for relevant articles. A total of 22 articles were included in the review based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were analyzed and synthesized using a thematic approach to identify the factors that influence the community pharmacist’s decision to take up the role of PHI delivery. Reporting of the findings was done according to the PRISMA checklist.FindingsThe search identified 10,927 articles of which 22 were included in the review. The main factors that drive the delivery of PHIs by community pharmacists were identified as; training and continuous education, remuneration and collaboration with other healthcare professionals. Other factors included structural and workflow adjustments and support from the government and regulatory bodies.ConclusionsEvidence from this review indicates that the decision to expand the scope of practice of community pharmacists is influenced by various factors. Incorporating these factors into the design of policies and public health programs is critical for the successful integration of community pharmacists in the delivery of broader public health to meet the rising demand for health care across health systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing the Uptake of Public Health Interventions Delivery by Community Pharmacists: A thematic literature review

Mumbi,

Mugo,

Barasa

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As a result, one in four people agreed to be vaccinated against influenza [ 57 ]. As calculated in Canada, including pharmacists in consultation services among seniors for influenza vaccination is cost-effective and improves vaccination rates in this group [ 58 ]. All in all, future campaigns aimed at increasing the rate of influenza vaccination in Poland should integrate various groups of healthcare workers, not only physicians, and should include pharmacists, as they are likely to be role models for decisions undertaken by the general public.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Recommendation of Medical and Non-Medical Authorities on the Decision to Vaccinate against Influenza from a Social Vaccinology Perspective: Cross-Sectional, Representative Study of Polish Society

2023

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Vaccination against seasonal flu is crucial to prevention of illness in modern societies. The level of influenza vaccination in Poland is low and, for many years, has hovered around a few percent of the general population. For this reason, it is crucial to understand the reasons for such a low level of vaccination and to assess the influence of medical and social authorities on the decision to vaccinate against influenza from the perspective of social vaccinology. For this purpose, a representative survey was conducted in 2022 among adult Poles (N = 805), orchestrated with the CAWI technique based on the author’s questionnaire. The most significant authority in the context of influenza vaccination is held by physicians, especially among the oldest part of the population, over 65 years of age—in this group, 50.4% of respondents declare a very high level of respect for physicians on the issue of recommended influenza vaccination (p < 0.001), and the second-highest authority group for which seniors have respect in the aspect of influenza vaccination is pharmacists (p = 0.011). It was also shown that pharmacists have more authority on the issue of influenza vaccination than nurses, especially in the group that declared themselves opponents of vaccination (p < 0.001). The survey indicates the need to strengthen the authority of physicians and pharmacists regarding influenza vaccination, and, in the case of pharmacists, the need for changing the law to allow them to qualify for influenza vaccination.

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“…Pharmacist influenza immunization has been studied broadly. Pharmacist immunization has been found to increase vaccine uptake [ 31 , 41 , 42 ] and is a cost-effective consultation that leads to improved clinical outcomes [ 43 ]. Patients found that the pharmacist-based immunization was a positive experience [ 44 ], accessible with high patient favourability [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving Influenza Vaccine Uptake Target in Canada via a Pharmacy-Led Telephone Discussion during the 2019–2020 Season

et al. 2021

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Older adults (≥65 years) are at elevated risk of influenza-related morbidity and mortality. Many developed countries do not achieve the World Health Organization influenza immunization target of 75% in people ≥65 years. We aimed to determine whether a brief pharmacy phone call could increase vaccine uptake of standard and enhanced influenza. Twenty-eight community pharmacists across Canada performed a telephone consultation with 643 older adults whose primary care records indicated that they had not received their influenza vaccination from their usual practitioner. Of these 643 adults, 169 (26.3%) had been vaccinated in another setting. Of the remaining 474, 313 (66%) agreed to receive the vaccine. Of those who refused vaccination, 69 provided a rationale for not wanting it, including that the flu shot “causes the flu” (n = 25), “doesn’t work” (n = 25), “is too painful” (n = 10), and other (n = 10). Overall, of the 643 individuals who had not received their vaccination from their usual health care provider in the first wave of vaccinations, 75.4% (n = 485) ultimately received their vaccination in the 2019–2020 season. This highlights the important role of the community pharmacist in achieving the World Health Organization (WHO) targets for vaccination.

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Cost-utility analysis of offering a novel remunerated community pharmacist consultation service on influenza vaccination for seniors in Ontario, Canada

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Factors Influencing the Uptake of Public Health Interventions Delivery by Community Pharmacists: A thematic literature review

Factors Influencing the Uptake of Public Health Interventions Delivery by Community Pharmacists: A thematic literature review

The Influence of Recommendation of Medical and Non-Medical Authorities on the Decision to Vaccinate against Influenza from a Social Vaccinology Perspective: Cross-Sectional, Representative Study of Polish Society

Achieving Influenza Vaccine Uptake Target in Canada via a Pharmacy-Led Telephone Discussion during the 2019–2020 Season

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