“…Incentive programmes have often been judged too complex and poorly communicated, with excessive paperwork and many organizations involved. A common problem with incentive-based policy instruments has been poor awareness among landowners (Hibbard et al, 2003;Sun et al, 2009), who prefer one-to-one site visits with a professional; outcomes can improve when financial incentive mechanisms are combined with active advice (Kilgore et al, 2007;Lawrence and Dandy, 2014;Ovaskainen et al, 2017). The quality and suitability of communication modes is at the heart of many studies examining the effectiveness of advisory services and programmes, highlighting the need for mutual trust, as well as understanding differences in cultural perceptions, beliefs, motivations and terminology, particularly in the Nordic countries and the USA (Davis and Fly, 2010;Hujala and Tikkanen, 2008;Krantz et al, 2013)…”
Section: Policy Tools For Engaging Private Forest Ownersmentioning
The decisions and actions of private forest owners are important for the delivery of forest goods and services. Both forest ownership, and policies related to forest owners, are changing. Traditionally in most countries, government extension officers have advised and instructed forest owners, but this is evolving, with greater importance given to a range of actors, objectives, and knowledge types. Drawing on literature and mixed data from 10 countries in Europe, this paper explores how forestry advisory systems can be conceptualized, and describes their current situation in Europe. Drawing parallels with the concept of AKIS (Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems), we propose the term FOKIS (FOrestry Knowledge and Information Systems), as both a system (a purposeful and interdependent group of bodies) and a method for understanding such systems. We define four dimensions for describing FOKIS: owners, policy goals, advice providers, and tools. We find different roles for extension in countries with centrally controlled, highly regulated forest management, and advisors in regions where forest owners have more freedom to choose how to manage their forest. We find five trends across Europe: increased flexibility, openness and participation of owners as sources of information; increasing reliance on information and persuasion rather than enforced compliance; a shift of attention from timber to a wider range of ecosystem services such as biodiversity and recreation; a shift of funding and providers from public to private sector; emergence of new virtual communication tools. The approach provides a way to make sense of comparisons and change in FOKIS, and opens up an important research field.
“…Incentive programmes have often been judged too complex and poorly communicated, with excessive paperwork and many organizations involved. A common problem with incentive-based policy instruments has been poor awareness among landowners (Hibbard et al, 2003;Sun et al, 2009), who prefer one-to-one site visits with a professional; outcomes can improve when financial incentive mechanisms are combined with active advice (Kilgore et al, 2007;Lawrence and Dandy, 2014;Ovaskainen et al, 2017). The quality and suitability of communication modes is at the heart of many studies examining the effectiveness of advisory services and programmes, highlighting the need for mutual trust, as well as understanding differences in cultural perceptions, beliefs, motivations and terminology, particularly in the Nordic countries and the USA (Davis and Fly, 2010;Hujala and Tikkanen, 2008;Krantz et al, 2013)…”
Section: Policy Tools For Engaging Private Forest Ownersmentioning
The decisions and actions of private forest owners are important for the delivery of forest goods and services. Both forest ownership, and policies related to forest owners, are changing. Traditionally in most countries, government extension officers have advised and instructed forest owners, but this is evolving, with greater importance given to a range of actors, objectives, and knowledge types. Drawing on literature and mixed data from 10 countries in Europe, this paper explores how forestry advisory systems can be conceptualized, and describes their current situation in Europe. Drawing parallels with the concept of AKIS (Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems), we propose the term FOKIS (FOrestry Knowledge and Information Systems), as both a system (a purposeful and interdependent group of bodies) and a method for understanding such systems. We define four dimensions for describing FOKIS: owners, policy goals, advice providers, and tools. We find different roles for extension in countries with centrally controlled, highly regulated forest management, and advisors in regions where forest owners have more freedom to choose how to manage their forest. We find five trends across Europe: increased flexibility, openness and participation of owners as sources of information; increasing reliance on information and persuasion rather than enforced compliance; a shift of attention from timber to a wider range of ecosystem services such as biodiversity and recreation; a shift of funding and providers from public to private sector; emergence of new virtual communication tools. The approach provides a way to make sense of comparisons and change in FOKIS, and opens up an important research field.
“…However, there may be uncertainty on the preferences of the forest owner with respect to different criteria (Kangas et al, 2015), or the forest owner may not be able to articulate their preferences in a way that can be used in strategic forest management planning (Tikkanen 2006). In earlier studies, having a valid holding-level forest management plan has been connected to conducting harvests (Ní Dhubháin et al 2010;Hänninen et al 2011) and pursuing management activities (Ovaskainen et al 2017).…”
Section: Knowledge In Forest Management Planning and Advisory Servicesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Forest owners with strong recreational objectives for their forests harvest less timber whereas multi-objective owners are most active in that sense (Favada et al 2009;Kuuluvainen et al 2014). Forest owners emphasising economic profit more likely conduct forest management activities on young stands that are subsidised by the state than forest owners emphasising recreation do (Ovaskainen et al 2017). Female forest owners tend to consider aesthetics and conservation more (Palander et al 2009;Häyrinen et al 2015) and have softer, more altruistic values also in relation to forest ownership (Karppinen and Korhonen 2013) than men do.…”
Section: Small-scale Private Forest Owners In Finlandmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…According to Takala et al (2017a), forest owners with low knowhow and self-confidence about forestry are easily convinced to conduct harvesting even against their objectives. Professional advice for forest owners and forest management planning are found to be important for forest owners also when deciding to conduct subsidised forest management activities (Ovaskainen et al 2017).…”
Section: Small-scale Private Forest Owners In Finlandmentioning
To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry of the University of Helsinki, for public examination in Raisio-sali of the Forest Sciences Building, Latokartanonkaari 7, Helsinki on 28 th February 2020 at 12:00 noon.
“…About 45% of forest estates in Finland have a forest management plan (FMP) (Hänninen et al 2011). In earlier studies, having a valid holding-level FMP has been connected to conducting harvests (Ní Dhubháin et al 2010;Hänninen et al 2011) and pursuing management activities (Ovaskainen et al 2017). To ensure the provision of multiple ecosystem services in forested landscapes, the way the forest planning is conducted and how owner motivations are taken into account, matters.…”
Protecting biodiversity within separate set-aside conservation areas has not been effective enough to halt its loss. Thus, new approaches to conserve biodiversity alongside production are needed. The non-market values of a forest may play an essential role when the forest owner decides the use of their land. However, so far the service offerings other than related to timber production, have been scant. The mismatch between decision support services offered and the service interests of forest owners may result in the objectives of forest owners remaining unfulfilled. The aims of this study were to explore the links between family forest owners' forest management preferences and their objectives for the forest and secondly their preferences for decision support services. Data were collected in a postal survey in the Northern Karelia region, Finland in spring 2014. Data consist of 298 survey answers that were analysed using multi-variate analyses. Two typologies were combined: clustering of forest ownership objectives and the preferred forest management style. We found that the forest owner's objectives were demonstrated by their preferred way of managing the forest. Opinions about different decision aid services varied between cluster groups. The groups emphasizing nature values considered biodiversity related information about their forest more necessary than other groups. They were also less satisfied with the usability of the forest management plan. Forest advisory services should better acknowledge the prevalence of multiple objectives also among forest owners who are interested in timber selling. Developing services for forest owners with diverse socioeconomic backgrounds, information needs and objectives is important.
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