Cost of treatment for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Bangladesh

Islam, Asma; Akhter, Amin; Eden, Tim

doi:10.1016/j.jcpo.2015.10.002

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Two recent studies using a threshold analysis and global costing procedure suggest treating childhood cancers in LMICs is very cost-effective as per WHO criteria. 134,135 Very few formal micro-costing studies of ALL specifically have been completed with published reports showing a wide variation in ALL treatment costs, ranging from $3,000 in Bangladesh 136 to $10,000 to 20,000 in Brazil 134 , Mexico 137 , and China 138,139 to $100,000 in North America and Europe 140 . A significant proportion of the costs (up to 50% in many cases) are associated with diagnostics, supportive care, and hospitalization.…”

Section: Global Impact Of Childhood Allmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global efforts toward the cure of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Pui

Yang

Bhakta

et al. 2018

The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

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Improvements in risk-directed treatment and supportive care, together with increased reliance on both national and international collaborative studies, have made childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) one of the most curable human cancers. Next-generation sequencing studies of leukaemia cells and the host germline provide new opportunities for precision medicine and thus potential improvements in the cure rate and quality of life of patients. Efforts are underway to assess the global impact of childhood ALL and develop initiatives that can meet the long-term challenge of providing quality care to children with this disease worldwide and improving cure rates globally. This ambitious task will rely on increased collaborative research and international networking so that the therapeutic gains in high-income countries can be translated to patients in low-income and middle-income countries. Ultimately, the greatest obstacle to overcome will be to fully understand leukaemogenesis, enabling measures to decrease the risk of leukaemia development and thus close the last major gap in offering a cure to any child who might have the disease.

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Section: Global Impact Of Childhood Allmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global efforts toward the cure of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Pui

Yang

Bhakta

et al. 2018

The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

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“…After adjusting for duplicates, 2001 studies remained. Of these, 30 studies met full inclusion criteria 16–18 29–55. The kappa measure of agreement between the two reviewers was 0.71 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.86).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost and cost-effectiveness of childhood cancer treatment in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review

et al. 2019

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IntroductionA major barrier to improving childhood cancer survival is the perception that paediatric oncology services are too costly for low-income and middle-income country (LMIC) health systems. We conducted a systematic review to synthesise existing evidence on the costs and cost-effectiveness of treating childhood cancers in LMICs.MethodsWe searched multiple databases from their inception to March 2019. All studies reporting costs or cost-effectiveness of treating any childhood cancer in an LMIC were included. We appraised included articles using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist. Where possible, we extracted or calculated the cost per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted using reported survival and country-specific life expectancy. Cost/DALY averted was compared with per capita gross domestic product (GDP) as per WHO-Choosing Interventions that are Cost-Effective guidelines to determine cost-effectiveness.ResultsOf 2802 studies identified, 30 met inclusion criteria. Studies represented 22 countries and nine different malignancies. The most commonly studied cancers were acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (n=10), Burkitt lymphoma (n=4) and Wilms tumour (n=3). The median CHEERS checklist score was 18 of 24. Many studies omitted key cost inputs. Notably, only 11 studies included healthcare worker salaries. Cost/DALY averted was extracted or calculated for 12 studies and ranged from US$22 to US$4475, although the lower-end costs were primarily from studies that omitted key cost components. In all 12, cost/DALY averted through treatment was substantially less than country per capita GDP, and therefore considered very cost-effective.ConclusionMany included studies did not account for key cost inputs, thus underestimating true treatment costs. Costs/DALY averted were nonetheless substantially lower than per capita GDP, suggesting that even if all relevant inputs are included, LMIC childhood cancer treatment is consistently very cost-effective. While additional rigorous economic evaluations are required, our results can inform the development of LMIC national childhood cancer strategies.

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“…Precise cost estimates have untouchable share in policy development. Governmental and non-governmental organizations devise the allotted budget share based on cost of the health service (3). Precise cost estimates should encompass medical and non-medical costs of the illness to provide a clear image of the condition (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-Analysis of Treatment of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Based on UKALL Protocol

et al. 2018

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Background: Health systems have adopted financing to enhance access to care for patients with cancer. The cost of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment is a blurred image for hospitals and third party payers. The cost of each component of the care should be analyzed to differentiate justifiable cost and to act on wasteful practices. Objectives: Therefore, this is a study on the direct and indirect costs of ALL based on the United Kingdom protocol (UKALL), in pediatric ALL management in Iran. Methods: A retrospective study design was used to study children with ALL managed with UKALL protocol in specialized pediatric hospitals from 2010-2015. The data was collected from patients' medical records. Results: Total direct medical cost per patient was 8282 USD. Most of costs were from inpatient beds (3338 ± 1110 USD) and drug expenditures (2157 ± 1035 USD). The direct non-medical cost incurred by study participants was 1286.4 USD, the total indirect cost of productivity loss was 769.9. Conclusions: The cost of ALL management imposed huge treat on financial capability of peoples caring for children. The treats will affect the whole society and the health system of the country unless strategies are designed to contain the costs. The policy makers from the top level of the country to the service providers should be hand and glove to devise a suitable national ALL management protocol which will avert the observed alarms.

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Cost of treatment for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Bangladesh

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

Global efforts toward the cure of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Global efforts toward the cure of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Cost and cost-effectiveness of childhood cancer treatment in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review

Cost-Analysis of Treatment of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Based on UKALL Protocol

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