Cost of shipping United States grain exports to principal world markets

Abstract

June Forei gn 13.86 u. S. 29. 40 28.00 '"nu nnng c..': packing sacked gr a in on Lhe loo se cargo to prevent it f rom shifting.

Projected 1985 impacts of alternative inland waterway user fees on corn, soybean, and wheat transport

“…Binkley uses published market rates for ship cost co efficients. Conley [11] uses a ship cost function that is based primarily on the work of Cayemberg [10] and Davis [16].…”

A simulation of the domestic and foreign distribution of United States' surplus grain

“…After specifying the ocean distances, port days, and canal days a marine cost function is used which was developed by H. LeRoy Davis (8). at-sea days = ocean distance/(speed ♦ 24) ♦ canal days…”

“…In many cases, transportation rates are not readily available or i t is difficult to choose one from the multitude of rates that are available. One alternative, in order to be consistent for all rates, is that estimates have to be made based on the distance between basing points and the average cost per mile (8) . In selecting the shipment points of the 42 regions, the following criteria were used: 1) the size of the port,…”

An analysis of freight rates and ocean shipping of United States grain exports

“…and will start another cycle (37). (4,8), this procedure seems logical. The sample data was acquired from Maritime Research, Inc. (16,17,18) and consists of that portion of the heavy grain shipped via voyage chartered tramp vessels and reported to Maritime Research/ Inc. (16,17,18).…”

“…70 percent of the heavy grains shipped between 1961 and 1966(4,8) were shipped via tramp vessels, the study was limited to tramp vessels under voyage charters. Both origin and destimation ports were usually grouped into port regions…”