Cost of illness of breast cancer in Japan: trends and future projections

Abstract

BackgroundBreast cancer is a major cause of death for women in Japan. The objectives of this study were to estimate and project the economic burden associated with breast cancer in Japan and identify the key factors that drive the change of the economic burden of breast cancer.MethodsWe calculated the cost of illness (COI) every 3 years from 1996 to 2020 using governmental statistics. COI was calculated by summing the direct costs, morbidity costs, and mortality costs.ResultsFrom 1996 to 2011 COI was trending upward. COI in 2011 (697 billion yen) was 1.7-times greater than that in 1996 (407 billion yen). The mortality costs accounted for approximately 65–70 % of the total COI and were a major contributing factor to increase in COI. It was predicted that COI would continue to trend upwards until 2020 (699.4–743.8 billion yen depending on the model), but the rate of increase would decline.ConclusionsCOI of breast cancer has been steadily increasing since 1996. While the rate of increase is expected to plateau, the average age at death from breast cancer is still less than that from other cancers, and the relative economic burden of breast cancer will continue to increase in the foreseeable future.

Cost of illness of non‐alcoholic liver cirrhosis in Japan: A time trend analysis and future projections

“…First, we calculated the COIs for 1996, 1999, 2002, 2005, 2008, 2011, and 2014. We then predicted future COIs based on those results. We adapted a top‐down approach to the COI method, using published government office statistics (Table ) and data on the prevalence of non‐alcoholic liver cirrhosis.…”

“…The term “mixed model” was applied because of this approach. This method was already used in our previous study . Because the mixed model was a combination of models with a higher coefficient of determination, we believed it to be the most valid for this study.…”

“…Future COI was estimated using two methods: fixed and variable model estimation. [17][18][19][20] Fixed model estimation assumed that health-related indicators (e.g., mortality rate, number of outpatient visits, and average length of stay) were unrelated to the time trend. Only an estimated future population was used as a variable.…”

“…This method was already used in our previous study. [17][18][19][20] Because the mixed model was a combination of models with a higher coefficient of determination, we believed it to be the most valid for this study. The estimations using the logarithmic and linear models can be regarded as a sensitivity analysis to test the robustness of the mixed model.…”

Behandlungskosten des lokal begrenzten Prostatakarzinoms in Deutschland

“…Aus Japan werden steigende Kosten in den letzten 14 Jahren berichtet [18]. Die Lebenszeitkosten werden für neu diagnostizierte Fälle in den USA mit 4 Mrd.…”