“…The cumulative evidence clearly calls into question the role of guns in the lives of Americans (Dowd-Arrow, Hill, and Burdette, 2019;Hill et al, 2020aHill et al, , 2020b. Research plainly shows that guns have the capacity to undermine the health and safety of individuals, families, and the broader society (Fleegler et al, 2013;Fowler et al, 2015;Gani, Sakran, and Canner, 2017;Gramlich, 2019;Kellermann et al, 1993;Miller, Azrael, and Hemenway, 2002;Miller, Hemenway, and Azrael, 2007;Peek-Asa, Butcher, and Cavanaugh, 2017;Spitzer et al, 2017;Van Kesteren, 2014). While these costs can no longer be denied, the personal benefits of guns remain open to scientific scrutiny and public debate.…”