Cost of Aflatoxin to the Farmer, Buying Point, and Sheller Segments of the Southeast United States Peanut Industry

Lamb, Marshall C.; Sternitzke, D. A.

doi:10.3146/i0095-3679-28-2-4

Cited by 49 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…In the United States alone, aflatoxin contamination costs farmers and the peanut industry millions of dollars in losses each year [1]. Aside from causing high production costs, aflatoxins are a major health issue; they can cause acute hepatoxicity, immunosuppression [2], and stunting in children [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of small RNA populations in non-transgenic and aflatoxin-reducing-transformed peanut

et al. 2017

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Power, Imana L.; Dang, Phat M.; Sobolev, Victor S.; Orner, Valerie; Powell, Joseph L.; Lamb, Marshall C.; and Arias, Renée S., "Characterization of small RNA populations in non-transgenic andaflatoxin-reducing-transformed peanut" (2017 t r a c tAflatoxin contamination is a major constraint in food production worldwide. In peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), these toxic and carcinogenic aflatoxins are mainly produced by Aspergillus flavus Link and A. parasiticus Speare. The use of RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising method to reduce or prevent the accumulation of aflatoxin in peanut seed. In this study, we performed high-throughput sequencing of small RNA populations in a control line and in two transformed peanut lines that expressed an inverted repeat targeting five genes involved in the aflatoxin-biosynthesis pathway and that showed up to 100% less aflatoxin B 1 than the controls. The objective was to determine the putative involvement of the small RNA populations in aflatoxin reduction. In total, 41 known microRNA (miRNA) families and many novel miRNAs were identified. Among those, 89 known and 10 novel miRNAs were differentially expressed in the transformed lines. We furthermore found two small interfering RNAs derived from the inverted repeat, and 39 sRNAs that mapped without mismatches to the genome of A. flavus and were present only in the transformed lines. This information will increase our understanding of the effectiveness of RNAi and enable the possible improvement of the RNAi technology for the control of aflatoxins.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of small RNA populations in non-transgenic and aflatoxin-reducing-transformed peanut

et al. 2017

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“…Lamb and Sternitzke (2001) estimated that aflatoxin contamination costs over $20 million in losses to the southeast U.S. peanut industry. Progress in developing resistant cultivars would represent a major advance for the U.S. peanut industry.…”

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The U.S. Breeding Program to Develop Peanut with Drought Tolerance and Reduced Aflatoxin Contamination

Holbrook¹,

Guo²,

Wilson³

et al. 2009

Peanut Science

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Aflatoxin contamination costs the U.S. peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) industry over $20 million annually. The development of peanut cultivars with resistance to preharvest aflatoxin contamination (PAC) would reduce these costs. Screening techniques have been developed that can measure genetic differences in aflatoxin contamination and they have been used to identify accessions that exhibited relatively low PAC in multiple environments. Significant reductions in PAC have been identified in peanut genotypes with drought tolerance. These sources of resistance to PAC have been crossed with cultivars and breeding lines that have high yield, acceptable grade, and resistance to spotted wilt caused by Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV). Due to the large environmental variation in PAC, breeding populations can only be evaluated in late generations when there is less heterozygosity and adequate numbers of seed are available for field testing using multiple replications. Evaluation of numerous breeding populations has identified several families and individual breeding lines with relatively low PAC, relatively high yield, and acceptable levels of resistance to TSWV. To increase breeding efficiency, studies on mechanisms of resistance to PAC are being conducted. The most promising mechanisms identified thus far are resistance to drought and resistance to the peanut rootknot nematode. Late generation breeding lines have been developed with resistance to drought, several of which also exhibited reduced aflatoxin contamination in multiple environments. Tifguard, the first cultivar with high levels of resistance to both TSWV and the peanut root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 1] was released from this program. Testing is ongoing to determine if this cultivar can be used to reduce aflatoxin contamination in nematode infested fields.

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“…Aflatoxin contamination of corn, peanut and other agricultural commodities has a significant impact on health and the agricultural economy, especially in the southeastern United States, where aflatoxin contamination costs farmers, buyers and sellers an annual average of $22.7 million [2]. The production of aflatoxins is always associated with the production of other metabolites, some of which are volatile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Growth Parameters on the Analysis of Aspergillus flavus Volatile Metabolites

et al. 2016

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Aspergillus flavus produces dangerous secondary metabolites known as aflatoxins, which are toxic and carcinogenic, and their contamination of agricultural products results in health issues and economic hardships in the U.S. and around the world. Early identification of aflatoxigenic isolates of A. flavus is the key in the management of these fungi. An emerging detection method for specific fungi identification involves the analysis of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) released by the fungi. Complicating this approach is the understanding that many factors influence metabolic production, including growth parameters, such as growth media, temperature, spore counts and oxidation stress. In addition, analytical and data analysis methods can also influence the results. Several growth and analysis methods were evaluated and optimized in order to better understand the effect of the methods on fungi MVOC signatures. The results indicate that carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) has the best extraction efficiency for the MVOCs emitted by A. flavus. Both chemical defined agar (CDA) and chemical defined liquid (CDL) are suitable growth media for MVOC emission studies. The highest MVOC production was found at 30˝C. Log transformation was considered one of the best data pretreatment methods when analyzing MVOC data and resulted in the best principal component analysis (PCA) clustering in the experiments with different growth media. This study aims to elucidate fungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) differences due to variations in growth parameters as a first step in the development of an analytical method for the monitoring of aflatoxigenic A. flavus contamination in crop storage facilities.

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Cost of Aflatoxin to the Farmer, Buying Point, and Sheller Segments of the Southeast United States Peanut Industry

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Characterization of small RNA populations in non-transgenic and aflatoxin-reducing-transformed peanut

Characterization of small RNA populations in non-transgenic and aflatoxin-reducing-transformed peanut

The U.S. Breeding Program to Develop Peanut with Drought Tolerance and Reduced Aflatoxin Contamination

Effects of Growth Parameters on the Analysis of Aspergillus flavus Volatile Metabolites

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