Cost Models and Cost Factors of Road Freight Transportation: A Literature Review and Model Structure

Abstract

This paper presents a detailed comparative review of cost models and cost factors published in a number of studies on freight transportation. It attempts to determine and categorise cost factors from a different point of views in the reviewed studies which include cost factors (operational costs, value of time and external costs), study area (Europe, the United States, North America and Asia) and cost models (activity-based costing (ABC), statistical models, surveys, data mining, GIS, meta-analysis and Mathematical models). The results are assessed by comparison with the reviewed studies. The paper also proposed two model structures; (1) Road freight transportation costs and (2) Road freight transportation cost estimating methods and data gathering. These models are designed to identify any gaps between the types of cost or any inconsistencies in cost factors and consist of an overall structure and multiple substructures.

ANALISIS BIAYA KEMACETAN LALU LINTAS BERDASARKAN V/C RATIO (Studi Kasus: Rute Kabupaten Cilacap – Kabupaten Bandung)

“…Biaya operasional kendaraan adalah biaya yang dikeluarkan dalam mengoperasikan suatu kendaraan dalam suatu kondisi lalu lintas, yang terdiri dari biaya tetap (fixed cost) dan biaya tidak tetap (variable cost) (Izadi et al, 2020). Biaya tetap adalah biaya yang tidak berubah (tetap walaupun terjadi perubahan pada volume produksi jasa sampai ke tingkat tertentu) sedangkan biaya tidak tetap adalah biaya yang berubah apabila terjadi perubahan pada volume produksi jasa (Sugiyanto dalam Rusli, 2019).…”

Alternative Method for Estimating the Maintenance Cost of Roads in Anambra State, Nigeria

“…The study by [10] considered a comparative review of cost models and cost factors published in several studies on freight transport. The authors tried to determine and categorize cost factors from various perspectives in the reviewed studies, including cost factors (operating costs, time value and external costs), study area (Europe, USA, North America and Asia) and cost models (process costing (ABC), statistical models, Surveys, data mining, geographic information system (GIS), meta-analysis and mathematical models).…”