Cost Models and Cost Factors of Road Freight Transportation: A Literature Review and Model Structure

Abstract

This paper presents a detailed comparative review of cost models and cost factors published in a number of studies on freight transportation. It attempts to determine and categorise cost factors from a different point of views in the reviewed studies which include cost factors (operational costs, value of time and external costs), study area (Europe, the United States, North America and Asia) and cost models (activity-based costing (ABC), statistical models, surveys, data mining, GIS, meta-analysis and Mathematical models). The results are assessed by comparison with the reviewed studies. The paper also proposed two model structures; (1) Road freight transportation costs and (2) Road freight transportation cost estimating methods and data gathering. These models are designed to identify any gaps between the types of cost or any inconsistencies in cost factors and consist of an overall structure and multiple substructures.

Cost-Effectiveness of Introducing Autonomous Trucks: From the Perspective of the Total Cost of Operation in Logistics

“…Clements and Kockelman [11] conducted a literature review to determine the effect that ATs would have on the logistics industry and the economy as a whole. Izadi et al [13] also reviewed previous literature to determine cost factors (e.g., operational costs, the value of time, and external costs) and analytical models (e.g., statistical models and surveys, and meta-analyses). Only a few studies employed cost-benefit analysis, including Kang et al [14], who used case study areas in Illinois with varying levels of AT market penetration to estimate cost savings for the freight sector.…”

“…Several research gaps exist in the body of prior publications. First, although a large body of literature has explored the TCO of HDTs with diverse geographical scopes and methods [13], few studies have attempted to explore the operation cost estimation of introducing ATs due to their uncertain nature. Second, previous literature has observed the potential to offer widespread gains in safety as well as time savings; nonetheless, few studies have explored the economic side effects of ATs.…”

Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure System or Autonomous Driving System? From the Perspective of Evolutionary Game Theory

“…Through a comprehensive review of existing literature. Izadi et al delineated those studies pertinent to road transportation costs can be broadly categorized into three segments: operational cost studies, value of time-saving research, and external cost investigations [22]. The most salient methods in estimation techniques and data collection model structures hinge on accounting and statistical modeling approaches.…”

Method for assessing the energy efficiency of a vehicle taking into account the load under operating conditions

“…In the world, research has been carried out aimed at solving the problems of reducing transport costs [1,4,8,17], efficient use of vehicle resources and operating materials [11,12,15], ensuring environmental and road traffic safety [2,3], operational control of the established normative indicators [7,14,16], the energy efficiency of vehicle [5,6,9,10,13]. The criteria and methods proposed in these studies for assessing the energy efficiency of vehicles do not fully take into account road loads and driving modes under operating conditions, which leads to low use of the structurally built potential of the structure and operating materials.…”