Cost modeling for SDN/NFV based mobile 5G networks

Bouras, Christos; Ntarzanos, Panagiotis; Papazois, Andreas

doi:10.1109/icumt.2016.7765232

Cited by 62 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Given this estimation in addition to the number of users, the cost of the 4G core network can be calculated. In our model, we use results found by [20], which calculate the cost of 4G core network deployed to serve 100,000 users (corresponding to about 100 base stations).…”

Section: Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Satellite network inputs as well as 4G core network are presented respectively in Table 4 and Table 5. 2200K: deployed to serve 100 BS and each BS serve 1000 users [20] Cost of 4G core per user 22 euro [25] . As a first step, we simulate the proposed architecture for both the conservative, likely and the aggressive scenario based on collected inputs presented above and assumptions discussed in section IV.C.…”

Section: B Model Inputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Techno-economic viability of integrating satellite communication in 4G networks to bridge the broadband digital divide

Chiha

Wee

Colle

et al. 2020

Telecommunications Policy

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Bridging the broadband digital divide between urban and rural areas in Europe is one of the main targets stated in the Digital Agenda for Europe. Though many solutions are proposed in literature, satellite communication has been identified as the only possible solution for remote rural areas, due to its global coverage. However, deploying an end-to-end satellite solution might be in some cases not cost-effective. In this paper, we propose a converged solution that combines satellite communication as a backhaul network with 4G as a fronthaul network to bring enhanced broadband connectivity to European rural areas. Therefore, a techno-economic model is proposed to analyze the viability of this integration. The model is based on a Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) model for 5 years, taking into account both the capital and the operational expenditures, designed for converged networks. This model aims to calculate the TCO as well as the Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) for the studied scenarios. We evaluate the suggested model by simulating a hypothetical use case for two scenarios. The first scenario is based on a radio access network connecting to the 4G core network via a satellite link. Results for this scenario show high operational costs. In order to reduce these costs, we propose a second scenario, consisting of caching the popular content on the edge to reduce the traffic carried over the satellite link. This scenario demonstrates a significant operational cost decrease (more than 57%), which also means a significant ARPU decrease.

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Section: Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Model Inputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-economic viability of integrating satellite communication in 4G networks to bridge the broadband digital divide

Chiha

Wee

Colle

et al. 2020

Telecommunications Policy

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“…In attempting to minimize the rental cost, the present study focuses mainly on the node cost, ie, the server rental cost paid by the consumer to the server provider. Notably, compared with previous studies, in which the rental cost is assumed to have a constant value per PM (Bouras et al), the present study assumes that the rental cost varies depending on the capacity of the PM. Thus, the analysis provides a more realistic assessment of the effect of the PM capacity on the rental cost when evaluating different service chain placement options.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost minimization in placing service chains for virtualized network functions

Wang

Lin

Wang

et al. 2019

Int J Communication

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Network function virtualization (NFV) places network functions onto the virtual machines (VMs) of physical machines (PMs) located in data centers. In practice, a data flow may pass through multiple network functions, which collectively form a service chain across multiple VMs residing on the same or different PMs. Given a set of service chains, network operators have two options for placing them: (a) minimizing the number of VMs and PMs so as to reduce the server rental cost or (b) placing VMs running network functions belonging to the same service chain on the same or nearby PMs so as to reduce the network delay. In determining the optimal service chain placement, operators face the problem of minimizing the server cost while still satisfying the end-to-end delay constraint. The present study proposes an optimization model to solve this problem using a nonlinear programming (NLP) approach. The proposed model is used to explore various operational problems in the service chain placement field. The results suggest that the optimal cost ratio for PMs with high, hybrid, and low capacity, respectively, is equal to 4:2:1. Meanwhile, the maximum operating utilization rate should be limited to 55% in order to minimize the rental cost. Regarding quality of service (QoS) relaxation, the server cost reduces by 20%, 30%, and 32% as the end-to-end delay constraint is relaxed from 40 to 60, 80, and 100 ms, respectively. For the server location, the cost decreases by 25% when the high-capacity PMs are decentralized rather than centralized. Finally, the cost reduces by 40% as the repetition rate in the service chain increases from 0 to 2.A heuristic algorithm, designated as common sub chain placement first (CPF), is proposed to solve the service chain placement problem for large-scale problems (eg, 256 PMs). It is shown that the proposed algorithm reduces the solution time by up to 86% compared with the NLP optimization model, with an accuracy reduction of just 8%. KEYWORDSnetwork function placement, network function virtualization, nonlinear programming, service chains Int J Commun Syst. 2020;33:e4222.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/dac

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“…For example Ref. [14] provides a technoeconomic analysis of a 5G network infrastructure based on SDN/NFV. Authors in [15] present analysis on performance and cost of a cloud network system based on NFV.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Techno-Economic Evaluation of VNF Placement Strategies in Optical Metro Networks

Askari

Musumeci

Tornatore

2019

2019 4th International Conference on Computing, Communications and Security (ICCCS)

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Network Function Virtualization (NFV) has changed the way operators can provision network services. Decoupling network functions from dedicated hardware and running them on software, on top of commodity servers and switches, not only helps operators have more flexible and easy-to-manage networks, but also reduces their capital and operational expenditures. This is especially true for incoming 5G services, characterized by ultra-low latency, high reliability and bandwidth requirements. To satisfy these challenging requirements, multi-layer optical networks based on Optical Transport Network (OTN) over wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) are being deployed in the metro segment to support 5G services. In addition, the possibility to equip metro nodes with computing capabilities, enabled by new paradigms such as CORD (Central Office Re-architected as a Datacenter) is being exploited. In this scenario, an efficient placement of Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) for Service Chain (SC) provisioning within the metro network is needed, and different VNF placement strategies can lead to different costs for network operators. In this paper we analyze the impact of different VNF placement strategies on the optical metro network cost, considering specific Service Level Agreement (SLA) requirements, expressed in terms of service blocking probability. We provide a cost model which takes into consideration both capital and operational expenditures. Through extensive numerical results, we quantify the impact of using a cost-effective VNF placement strategy in decreasing network cost while meeting the desired SLA performance.

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Cost modeling for SDN/NFV based mobile 5G networks

Cited by 62 publications

References 9 publications

Techno-economic viability of integrating satellite communication in 4G networks to bridge the broadband digital divide

Techno-economic viability of integrating satellite communication in 4G networks to bridge the broadband digital divide

Cost minimization in placing service chains for virtualized network functions

A Techno-Economic Evaluation of VNF Placement Strategies in Optical Metro Networks

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