Cost-efficient, true silicone printer with variable material spectrum for individualized medical applications

Martin, Sina; Gugel, Lukas; Martin, Thomas; Preis, Alexander; Reitelshöfer, Sebastian; Franke, Jörg

doi:10.1016/j.procir.2021.11.073

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…As outlined in section 1.2, scattered research results are available for a wide range of silicones and applications. Analogous to the findings in this paper,Liravi et al (2015) andMartin et al (2021) investigate printing speeds,Martin et al (2021),Luis et al (2020) andLiu et al (2023) investigate temperatures of the printing bed, the nozzle or an additional hot air supply, andMartin et al (2021) andLiu et al (…”

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confidence: 70%

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Optical and mechanical testing of 3D printed parts made of high-viscosity silicone to identify process parameters and design advice for 3D printing and printer development

Schön,

Löffler,

Koch

2024

Proc. Des. Soc.

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The additive manufacturing of parts made from close-to-production materials poses a great challenge. One example are highly viscous silicones, as used in injection moulding. For small production quantities, the manufacturing of injection moulds is uneconomical. This paper presents tensile specimens printed with an in-house developed dispensing system, which are analysed for air cavities (micro-CT scans) and mechanical properties. Based on the results, advice for the design and slicing parameters of parts using high-viscosity silicones in AM by means of material extrusion are developed.

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confidence: 70%

“…Two-and three-dimensional shapes are printed with a UV-curing silicone and examined for line width, uniformity and surface quality. The authors Martin et al (2021) developed a low-cost silicone printer for medical applications. A piston extruder feeds two components synchronously through a mixing tube, at a viscosity of 1800 mPa•s.…”

Section: State Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical and mechanical testing of 3D printed parts made of high-viscosity silicone to identify process parameters and design advice for 3D printing and printer development

Schön,

Löffler,

Koch

2024

Proc. Des. Soc.

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“…The sensors are composed of two electrode patterns each fabricated on a 100 µm thin insulating silicone membrane made of Elastosilfilm® 2030 (Wacker, Germany). The conductive paths are printed using the direct writing printing process described in [8]. Each component of the two-component silicone Elastosil® P7670 (Wacker, Germany) is pre-mixed with 20 wt% vaseline oil (Motorgeräte Fischer, Germany) and 34 wt% graphite particles (LUH GmbH, Germany).…”

Section: Test Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printed stretchable dielectric sensor grids for pressure monitoring in orthopedics

Martin,

Gugel,

Schedel

et al. 2024

Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD) XXVI

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Scoliosis is a spinal deformity that can be treated with a scoliosis brace that applies pressure to the trunk. The child's body adapts to the applied pressure and the spine is corrected. However, the braces are adjusted periodically or after rapid growth without monitoring the adaptation process. This study proposes to investigate the pressure distribution in the internal padding of the brace in order to adapt the orthosis to the individual needs of the patient in the long term.For this purpose, the implementation of dielectric elastomer sensors is used to detect pressure peaks and valleys on a mutual capacitance sensing grid. Subsequently, direct ink writing is used to print electrode lines, allowing analysis of the flexible electrode grid geometries. The electrodes are characterized and tested under uniaxial strain. Furthermore, by placing the electrodes on the padding of the orthosis, the relative pressure distribution can be assessed.Our results demonstrate the application of dielectric elastomer sensors in orthopedics and explore the effect of different printed geometries. Although absolute values have not been evaluated, characterization of relative pressure differences is sufficient to detect pressure points. By monitoring long-term changes, therapy can be tailored to the body's individual adaptation process.

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“…The 3D printing of silicones has drawn a lot of interest from the scientific and industrial communities and has the potential to solve societal challenges (healthcare, human/machine interfaces, personalized medicine, etc. ). − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-Silicone 3D Printing Technology: Toward Highly Elastic Dielectric Elastomers and Complex Structures

Tugui,

Cazacu,

Manoli

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Silicone elastomers have been shown to be wellsuited for dielectric elastomer actuators (DEA), mainly due to their unique combination of properties such as, high elasticity and reliability, fast electromechanical response, and high thermal stability. 3D printing of silicones can be achieved by employing either costly and sensitive metal catalysts, low-viscosity precursors with complex chemical structures that are sometimes difficult to reproduce, or rheological modifiers or by incorporating reinforcing fillers (e.g., silica). Here, we present a formulation for 3D printing consisting only of α,ω-bis(trimethylsiloxy)poly(dimethylsiloxane-co-methylthiopropylsiloxane) with a molecular weight M n = 55000 g/mol (much higher than what the literature reports) and 9.1 mol % vinyl groups as the base polymer and α,ωbis(trimethylsiloxy)poly(dimethylsiloxane-co-methylthiopropylsiloxane) with M n = 7000 g/mol and 5 mol % thiol groups as a cross-linking agent, along with 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) as the photocatalyst, showing the optimal thiol/vinyl molar ratio of 0.047. The impact of UV exposure time on the proposed cross-linking system was investigated via FTIR spectroscopy and compression tests, revealing fast curing rates and gelation times of less than 1 s. As a demonstration, the printing platform produced a rubber grid consisting of 24 printing layers that can endure 100 compressive cycles at 50% strain without hysteresis. Moreover, the 3D-printed silicone ink generates elastomers with an elongation at break of 221%, a Young's modulus of 0.29 MPa, and a stress decay <2% when subjected to 200% strain for 100 min, while the electromechanical tests reveal a maximum actuation strain of 9.5% at an electric field of 41 kV/mm. Our approach may open pathways for processing soft materials with unique geometries for medical devices, soft actuators, haptics, and beyond.

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Cost-efficient, true silicone printer with variable material spectrum for individualized medical applications

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Optical and mechanical testing of 3D printed parts made of high-viscosity silicone to identify process parameters and design advice for 3D printing and printer development

Optical and mechanical testing of 3D printed parts made of high-viscosity silicone to identify process parameters and design advice for 3D printing and printer development

Printed stretchable dielectric sensor grids for pressure monitoring in orthopedics

All-Silicone 3D Printing Technology: Toward Highly Elastic Dielectric Elastomers and Complex Structures

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