Cost Effectiveness of Nivolumab for Patients with Advanced, Previously Treated Renal Cell Carcinoma in Scotland

Abstract

Study (IES). Health effects were expressed in terms of quality adjusted life years (QALYS). Direct medical costs were obtained from the governmental hospitals in Egypt. All costs and effects were discounted at 3.5% annually according to the Egyptian pharmacoeconomic guidelines. Deterministic sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results: The study revealed that Exemestane yielded an additional gain of 0.23 QALYs at lower cost estimated by EGP 24,976 than Tamoxifen over 15-years, Exemestane is the dominant therapy. Deterministic sensitivity analyses indicated that the transition probability between health states of no recurrence to distant metastasis for Exemestane arm had the greatest impact on the results. ConClusions: Exemestane 25mg is a cost saving strategy compared to Tamoxifen 20mg in post-menopausal women with early breast cancer.

Reassessing the cost-effectiveness of nivolumab for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma based on mature survival data, updated safety and lower comparator price

“…A limitation of our study was that the extrapolations were restricted by the unavailability of individual patient data (IPD). Another published nivolumab CEA by Mahon et al [22] did not provide details on the extrapolations and therefore the reconstructed survival data could not be validated. There are other methods for reconstructing survival data [31], but the one we adopted was developed using RCC data and therefore deemed more appropriate to use.…”

“…European meeting [22] reported utilities for the progression free and progressive disease from the trial using UK tariffs. The average observed utilities were 0.78 and 0.72 for the progression-free and the progressive states, respectively.…”