Cost-Effectiveness of Lay First Responders Addressing Road Traffic Injury in Sub-Saharan Africa

Delaney, Peter G.; Eisner, Zachary J.; Bustos, Aiza; Hancock, Canaan J; Thullah, Alfred H.; Jayaraman, Sudha; Raghavendran, Krishnan

doi:10.1016/j.jss.2021.08.032

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Cost-effectiveness (not analysed in the DRC pilot) is undeniably a crucial factor of an intervention's sustainability, particularly in resource–constrained settings [42] . The low-tech low-cost approach of a lay responder course enhances self-sustainability [ 34 , 43 ], and rollout in most environments [10] . Although many participants wanted a longer course duration, there did seem to be overall satisfaction and a positive perception of skills and knowledge acquisition; this may therefore warrant further scrutiny.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation and evaluation of a pilot WHO community first aid responder training in Kinshasa, DR Congo: A mixed method study

Diango,

Mafuta,

Wallis

et al. 2023

African Journal of Emergency Medicine

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation and evaluation of a pilot WHO community first aid responder training in Kinshasa, DR Congo: A mixed method study

Diango,

Mafuta,

Wallis

et al. 2023

African Journal of Emergency Medicine

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“…Even when AM courses are implemented, knowledge retention without refresher training remains a concern. During an LFR training in Sierra Leone, investigators discovered AM knowledge had significantly decayed by 6 months post‐training, prompting the recommendation that refresher courses for skill maintenance be administered at least every 6 months [38, 47]. These findings further suggest AM resource availability and training should be prioritized in future capacity building efforts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2). In total, 47 LFR programs most frequently utilized no equipment in the AM training process (n = 6), while all professional first responder programs (n = 9) described the use of endotracheal introducers, laryngoscopes, ET tubes, and bag-valve masks. Of the two LFR programs that did provide equipment to trainees, one reported use of naso-/oropharyngeal airways (including a laryngeal mask airway) and pulse oximeters and both supplied supplemental oxygen and nonrebreather masks.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prehospital Airway Management for Trauma Patients by First Responders in Six Sub‐Saharan African Countries and Five Other Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries: A Scoping Review

et al. 2022

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The global injury burden disproportionately affecting low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) is exacerbated by a lack of robust emergency medical services. Though airway management (AM) is an essential component of prehospital emergency care, the current standard of prehospital AM training and resources for first responders in LMICs is unknown. This scoping review includes articles published between January 2000 and June 2021, identified using PMC, MEDLINE, and SCOPUS databases, following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Inclusion criteria spanned programs training formal or informal prehospital first responders. Included articles were assessed for quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Relevant characteristics were extracted by multiple authors to assess prehospital AM training. Of the initial 713 articles, 17 met inclusion criteria, representing 11 countries. Basic AM curricula were found in 11 studies and advanced AM curricula were found in nine studies. 35.3% (n = 6) of first responder programs provided no equipment to basic life support (BLS) AM training participants, reporting a median cost of $7.00USD per responder trained. Median frequency of prehospital AM intervention was reported in 31.0% (IQR: 6.0, 50.0) of patient encounters (advanced life support trainees: 12.1%, BLS trainees: 32.0%). In three studies, adverse event frequencies during intubation occurred with a median frequency of 22.

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“…However, due to the coordinated efforts from road agencies and other relevant stakeholders, traffic casualties reached around 20.5 people per 100,000 population (17,000 people in total) annually in recent years [6]. However, this number is still considerably higher than the world average (18.2), European countries' average (10.3), and the U.S. (11.1) [7,8]. The Sustainability 2023, 15, 185 2 of 29 burden of traffic-related fatalities and injuries in Iran also created a number of economic difficulties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent Class Cluster Analysis and Mixed Logit Model to Investigate Pedestrian Crash Injury Severity

2022

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Traffic crashes involving pedestrians have a high frequency in developing countries. Among road users, pedestrians are the most vulnerable, as their involvement in traffic crashes is usually followed by severe and fatal injuries. This study aims to identify pedestrian crash patterns and reveal the random parameters in the dataset. A three-year (2015–2017) pedestrian crash dataset in Mashhad, Iran, was employed to investigate the influence of a rich set of factors on pedestrian injury severity, some of which have been less accounted for in previous studies (e.g., the vicinity to overpasses, the existence of vegetated buffers, and park lanes). A two-step method integrating latent class cluster analysis (LCA) and the mixed logit model was utilized to consider unobserved heterogeneity. The results demonstrated that various factors related to the pedestrian, vehicle, temporal, environmental, roadway, and built-environment characteristics are associated with pedestrian injuries. Furthermore, it was found that integrated use of LCA and mixed logit models can considerably reduce the unobserved heterogeneity and uncover the hidden effects influencing severity outcomes, leading to a more profound perception of pedestrian crash causation. The findings of this research can act as a helpful resource for implementing effective strategies by policymakers to reduce pedestrian casualties.

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Cost-Effectiveness of Lay First Responders Addressing Road Traffic Injury in Sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

Implementation and evaluation of a pilot WHO community first aid responder training in Kinshasa, DR Congo: A mixed method study

Implementation and evaluation of a pilot WHO community first aid responder training in Kinshasa, DR Congo: A mixed method study

Prehospital Airway Management for Trauma Patients by First Responders in Six Sub‐Saharan African Countries and Five Other Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries: A Scoping Review

Latent Class Cluster Analysis and Mixed Logit Model to Investigate Pedestrian Crash Injury Severity

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