Cost-Effectiveness of Increasing Influenza Vaccination Coverage in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in Turkey

Abstract

ObjectiveIn Turkey, the prevalence of diabetes is high but the influenza vaccination coverage rate (VCR) is low (9.1% in 2014), despite vaccination being recommended and reimbursed. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of increasing the influenza VCR of adults with type 2 diabetes in Turkey to 20%.MethodsA decision-analytic model was adapted to Turkey using data derived from published sources. Direct medical costs and indirect costs due to productivity loss were included in the societal perspective. The time horizon was set at 1 year to reflect the seasonality of influenza.ResultsIncreasing the VCR for adults with type 2 diabetes to 20% is predicted to avert an additional 19,777 influenza cases, 2376 hospitalizations, and 236 deaths. Associated influenza costs avoided were estimated at more than 8.3 million Turkish Lira (TRY), while the cost of vaccination would be more than TRY 8.4 million. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was estimated at TRY 64/quality-adjusted life years, which is below the per capita gross domestic product of TRY 21,511 and therefore very cost-effective according to World Health Organization guidelines. Factors most influencing the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio were the excess hospitalization rate, inpatient cost, vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization, and influenza attack rate. Increasing the VCR to >20% was also estimated to be very cost-effective.ConclusionsIncreasing the VCR for adults with type 2 diabetes in Turkey to ≥20% would be very cost-effective.

Pneumococcal and influenza vaccination status of hospitalized adults with community acquired pneumonia and the effects of vaccination on clinical presentation

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Determinants of Willingness of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus to Receive the Seasonal Influenza Vaccine in Southeast China

“…There have been several guidelines recommending influenza vaccination for patients with T2DM [14,15,16,17,18], and many countries have incorporated influenza vaccines into their national immunisation plans [26]. An assessment of the cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccination for patients with T2DM in Turkey demonstrated that an increase in the vaccination rate from 9.1% to 20% was cost-effective according to WHO guidelines [27]. In accordance with the recognition of its benefits for patients with T2DM, the city of Ningbo began in 2016 to promote the influenza vaccine for this population.…”

Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination Rates and Pneumococcal Invasive Disease Rates Set Geographical and Ethnic Population Susceptibility to Serious COVID-19 Cases and Deaths

“…Adult and at-risk pneumococcal and influenza vaccination data were obtained from [ 5 ] and: Andorra [ 108 ]; Argentina [ 109 , 110 ]; Belgium [ 111 ]; Brazil [ 112 ]; Central and Eastern Europe [ 113 ]; Denmark [ 114 , 115 ]; European nations [ 85 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 ]; Europe and Gulf nations [ 120 ]; Germany [ 121 ]; Gulf nations [ 122 , 123 ]; Hong Kong [ 124 ]; Hungary [ 125 ]; Iceland [ 126 ]; Ireland [ 127 ]; Israel [ 128 ]; Latin America [ 129 ]; Mexico [ 130 , 131 ]; New Zealand [ 132 ]; Poland [ 133 ]; Qatar [ 134 ]; San Marino [ 135 ]; Singapore [ 136 ]; Slovenia [ 137 ]; South Africa [ 138 ]; Sweden [ 139 ]; Switzerland [ 140 , 141 , 142 ]; Taiwan [ 143 , 144 , 145 ]; Turkey [ 146 , 147 , 148 ]; and U.K. [ 149 ]. All of these data are summarized in Table 1 .…”