“…Only one study [ 10 ] evaluated the cost effectiveness of rate control strategies in AF management in HIC. Of the 32 studies that evaluated strategies for stroke prevention in HIC, 14 were from North America [ 8 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 29 , 31 , 32 , 37 – 39 , 44 , 46 – 48 ], 13 from Europe [ 18 , 19 , 22 – 24 , 27 , 30 , 33 – 35 , 40 , 42 , 45 ], 4 from Asia [ 21 , 29 , 43 , 47 ] and 1 from Oceania [ 28 ]. The proportion of male sex (52–77%) was higher than the female sex in most of the studies.…”