Cost-effective surface modification for Galinstan® lyophobicity

Kadlaskar, Shantanu Shrikant; Yoo, Jun Hyeon; Abhijeet,; Lee, Jeong

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2016.12.061

Cited by 36 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Retracting the nozzle reveals if the metal adheres. [46][47][48] Various treatments (deionized water rinsing, UVO exposure for 20 min, silanization, and Soxhlet extraction) are used to modify the surface chemistry and cleanliness. Figure 2a is representative of a "pass" and Figure 2b is representative of a "fail;" i.e., essentially no metal adheres to the substrate.…”

Section: Choice Of Printing Substratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only smooth surfaces are utilized in the studies because it is known that surface roughness leads to poor adhesion between EGaIn and the substrate. [46][47][48] Various treatments (deionized water rinsing, UVO exposure for 20 min, silanization, and Soxhlet extraction) are used to modify the surface chemistry and cleanliness. Importantly, the substrates that pass the peck test were found compatible with the printing results.…”

Section: Choice Of Printing Substratementioning

confidence: 99%

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Shear‐Driven Direct‐Write Printing of Room‐Temperature Gallium‐Based Liquid Metal Alloys

et al. 2019

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Gallium-based metal alloys have high electrical conductivity in the liquid state at room temperature. These liquid metal conductors inspire unique electronic applications such as reconfigurable circuits and stretchable components with extremely high strain tolerance. Previously, liquid metals have been successfully patterned via direct-writing, yielding metallically conductive features on-demand at room temperature that do not require post-processing, down to a resolution of %10 μm. While most direct-write processes extrude materials from a nozzle via pressure or volumetric displacement, liquid metal is instead printed here by a shear-driven mechanism that occurs when the oxide-coated meniscus of the metal adheres to the printing substrate and is "pulled" from the nozzle at pressures that are well-below that needed to extrude the metal in the absence of shear. Herein, the key operating parameters that enable shear-driven printing of liquid metals including dispensing pressure, choice of substrate, print height, the surrounding environmental conditions, and the speed and acceleration of the print head are elucidated. A guide to the best practices as well as limitations for implementing shear-driven printing of liquid metals at room temperature is provided in these studies.

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Section: Choice Of Printing Substratementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Choice Of Printing Substratementioning

confidence: 99%

Shear‐Driven Direct‐Write Printing of Room‐Temperature Gallium‐Based Liquid Metal Alloys

et al. 2019

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“…The relationship between LM repellence and superhydrophobicity should be clearly clarified for guiding researchers to design LM‐repellent structure in a right way. On the other hand, most traditional methods are just able to form LM‐repellent microstructures on a special material substrate 16–19. Those methods are not flexible and universal.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Superhydrophobic surfaces are recently prepared to repel LM in the application of the LM-based circuits. [16][17][18][19] The superhydrophobic surfaces with strong water repellence are generally fabricated by the combination of hierarchical surface microstructure and the chemistry with extremely low surface free energy (SFE). [20][21][22][23] In fact, LM is very different from water in the aspect of no matter the chemical composition or the physical/ mechanical property.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, most traditional methods are just able to form LM-repellent microstructures on a special material substrate. [16][17][18][19] Those methods are not flexible and universal. Therefore, establishing the principle for endowing any materials with remarkable repellence to LMs has the extremely vital significance, and to date, the preparation of LM-repellent surface by a simple and widely applicable way is really a great challenge in the field of LM applications.Here, the influence of the surface chemistry and microstructure on the wettability of a solid surface to LM was investigated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Designing “Supermetalphobic” Surfaces that Greatly Repel Liquid Metal by Femtosecond Laser Processing: Does the Surface Chemistry or Microstructure Play a Crucial Role?

Chen

Bai

Zhang

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Inter

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It is demonstrated that the wettability of liquid metal (LM) on a substrate is very different from the water wettability. Superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic silicon and polydimethylsiloxane surfaces, respectively, are obtained by femtosecond laser processing and proper chemical modification. All of the structured surfaces have excellent LM repellence, that is, supermetalphobicity, in spite of superhydrophobicity or superhydrophilicity. The experimental comparison and contact model analysis reveal that surface microstructure actually plays a crucial role in endowing a surface with supermetalphobicity while surface chemistry has a little influence on the formation of supermetalphobicity, because the liquid/solid contact is replaced by a solid/solid contact mode for a LM droplet on a textured substrate. It is believed that the established principle for creating supermetalphobic surfaces will enable to accelerate the application progress of LM materials in flexible circuits and liquid robots.

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Vibration‐Enabled Mobility of Liquid Metal

Handschuh‐Wang,

Gan,

Wang

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Directed liquid metal (gallium‐based) manipulation and actuation are paramount for copious applications, including soft robotics, soft electronics, and targeted drug delivery. Although there are several strategies available to achieve mobility of liquid metals in a “wet” environment. Strategies to achieve and improve mobility of liquid metal droplets and puddles in a “dry” environment are scarce and rely on metallophobic surface design or liquid metal marbles. Here, high mobility of Galinstan is elucidated by combining metallophobic surface design and vertical vibrations. Vibration frequencies between 20 and 30 Hz are conducive to droplet movement and threshold inclination angles of 0.5° to 1° are observed upon actuation by these vibrations. The method itself is applicable for a wide range of droplet sizes (30 and 2000 µL) and very robust. The droplet movement typically comprises of periodic receding and advancing of the droplet and commences via a rolling mechanism rather than a gliding mechanism. Finally, it is shown that small (0.5 mm height) obstacles can be traversed by this method, indicating that it can be used in concert with other strategies, such as surface structuring strategies, which open up pathways for mobility and controlled actuation of liquid metal droplets in air.

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Cost-effective surface modification for Galinstan® lyophobicity

Cited by 36 publications

References 26 publications

Shear‐Driven Direct‐Write Printing of Room‐Temperature Gallium‐Based Liquid Metal Alloys

Shear‐Driven Direct‐Write Printing of Room‐Temperature Gallium‐Based Liquid Metal Alloys

Designing “Supermetalphobic” Surfaces that Greatly Repel Liquid Metal by Femtosecond Laser Processing: Does the Surface Chemistry or Microstructure Play a Crucial Role?

Vibration‐Enabled Mobility of Liquid Metal

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