“…In better terms, during the energy conversion or in the process results in the dissipation of energy from the system in the form of heat, light, wind and friction, and this can be converted into electricity by either direct conversion techniques or indirect techniques (Bani Hani et al, 2022). The heat energy dissipated from radiators, hot air from exhaust fans, draught fan air mass movement (Pancholi, 2022), (Akram and Butt, 2022), and friction between rolling materials can be converted into electrical energy using direct energy harvesters known as thermoelectric, triboelectric, piezoelectric, thermoelastic, and thermomagnetic harvesters (Eryganov et al, 2022). Most of these techniques use liberated heat, induced stress due to elongation, and electron liberation for electrical energy conversion.…”