Cost-effective mini drive-point piezometers and multilevel samplers for monitoring the hyporheic zone

Rivett, Michael O.; Ellis, Paul A.; Greswell, R.; Ward, Rob; Roche, Rachel; Cleverly, M.G.; Walker, C.; Conran, D.; Fitzgerald, P.; Willcox, T.; Dowle, J. W.

doi:10.1144/1470-9236/07-012

Cited by 43 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The reach length studied of 50 m is similar to that of a small industrial site facility and variation within this scale is important for site problem holders to consider when designing what will be typically much sparser monitoring networks. The 50-m reach study usefully complements our previous studies on the River Tame concerning: interactions with the unconfined Birmingham aquifer reach studied over a 7 km long 'city scale Shepherd et al, 2006;Rivett et al, 2011); examination of cross-river transects of plume discharges Rivett et al, 2008); and, assessment of transient exchange processes (Cuthbert et al, 2010;Roche et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Heterogeneous hyporheic zone dechlorination of a TCE groundwater plume discharging to an urban river reach

Freitas

Rivett

Roche

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/62331/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the AbstractThe typically elevated natural attenuation capacity of riverbed -hyporheic zones is expected to decrease chlorinated hydrocarbon (CHC) groundwater plume discharges to river receptors through dechlorination reactions. The aim of this study was to assess physico-chemical processes controlling field-scale variation in riverbed -hyporheic zone dechlorination of a TCE groundwater plume discharge to an urban river reach. The 50-m long pool -riffle -glide reach of the River Tame in Birmingham (UK) studied is a heterogeneous high energy river environment. The shallow riverbed was instrumented with a detailed network of multilevel samplers. Freeze coring revealed a geologically heterogeneous and poorly sorted riverbed. A chlorine number reduction approach provided a quantitative indicator of CHC dechlorination. Three sub-reaches of contrasting behaviour were identified. Greatest dechlorination occurred in the riffle sub-reach that was characterised by hyporheic zone flows, moderate sulphate concentrations and pH, anaerobic conditions, low iron, but elevated manganese concentrations with evidence of sulphate reduction. Transient hyporheic zone flows allowing input to varying riverbed depths of organic matter is anticipated to be a key control. The glide sub-reach displayed negligible dechlorination attributed to the predominant groundwater baseflow discharge condition and absence of hyporheic zone, transition to more oxic conditions and elevated sulphate concentrations expected to inhibit dechlorination. The tail-of-pool-riffle sub-reach exhibited patchy dechlorination that was attributed to sub-reach complexities including significant flow bypass of a low permeability, high organic matter, silty unit of high dechlorination potential. A process-based conceptual model of reach-scale dechlorination variability was developed. Key findings of practitioner relevance were: riverbed -hyporheic zone CHC dechlorination may provide only a partial, patchy barrier to CHC groundwater plume discharges to a surface water receptor; and, monitoring requirements to assess the variability in CHC attenuation within a reach are expected to be onerous. Further research on transient hyporheic zone dechlorination is...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Heterogeneous hyporheic zone dechlorination of a TCE groundwater plume discharging to an urban river reach

Freitas

Rivett

Roche

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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“…S1). Multi-level minipiezometers, largely following the designs of Krause et al (2013) and Rivett et al (2008), consisting of a central flexible tube (length 2.5 m, internal diameter (i.d.) 12 mm) with five smaller (i.d.…”

Section: Field Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced hyporheic exchange flow around woody debris does not increase nitrate reduction in a sandy streambed

et al. 2017

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Anthropogenic nitrogen pollution is a critical problem in freshwaters. Although riverbeds are known to attenuate nitrate, it is not known if large woody debris (LWD) can increase this ecosystem service through enhanced hyporheic exchange and streambed residence time. Over a year, we monitored the surface water and pore water chemistry at 200 points along a * 50 m reach of a lowland sandy stream with three natural LWD structures. We directly injected 15 N-nitrate at 108 locations within the top 1.5 m of the streambed to quantify in situ denitrification, anammox and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia, which, on average, contributed 85, 10 and 5% of total nitrate reduction, respectively. Total nitrate reducing activity ranged from 0 to 16 lM h -1 and was highest in the top 30 cm of the stream bed. Depth, ambient nitrate and water residence time explained 44% of the observed variation in nitrate reduction; fastest rates were associated with slow flow and shallow depths. In autumn, when the river was in spate, nitrate reduction (in situ and laboratory measures) was enhanced around the LWD compared with non-woody areas, but this was not seen in the spring and summer. Overall, there was no significant effect of LWD on nitrate reduction rates in surrounding streambed sediments, but higher pore water nitrate concentrations and shorter residence times, close to LWD, indicated enhanced delivery of surface water into the streambed under high flow. When hyporheic exchange is too strong, overall nitrate reduction is inhibited due to short flow-paths and associated high oxygen concentrations.

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“…Multilevel samplers were used to monitor the variability of the hyporheic zone at the sediment scale. The multilevel samplers (Rivett et al, 2008) comprised a 12 mm ID 1200 mm long, HDPE pipe, fitted at one end with a stainless steel drive-point that assists penetration of the device into sediments. The pipe had two 4 mm diameter holes at the base to allow the piezometric surface within the hyporheic zone to be monitored.…”

Section: Hyporheic Pore Water and Surface Water Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hyporheic zone composition of a mining-impacted stream: Evidence by multilevel sampling and DGT measurements

Palumbo-Roe

Dearden

2013

Applied Geochemistry

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The importance of the hyporheic zone in influencing stream solute loads and stream ecosystems has been increasingly recognised. The hyporheic zone physicochemical composition of a stream stretch of the Rookhope Burn, a tributary of the River Wear in the North Pennines, UK, affected by historical mining of Pb ore, was characterised at two contrasting flow and temperature regimes. Vertical element concentration gradients were obtained using multilevel samplers down to a depth of 40 cm below the water-sediment boundary. Additional in-situ Diffuse Gradients in Thin films (DGT) measurements of surface water and pore water were obtained.Circumneutral pH and oxidising conditions characterised the hyporheic zone of the study reach, composed of coarse-textured bed sediments. The surface hyporheic zone (top 15-20 cm) was dominated by the chemistry of the overlying water, while interactions with the solid phase were important for some elements in the deeper section of the hyporheic zone. Manganese was attenuated in the hyporheic zone as shown by SEM analysis of Mn-rich grain coatings from the bed sediment. Fine resolution data obtained through the use of the DGT probe deployed in the sediment at one sampling location, showed localised loss in Mn and Zn concentrations at 1.5 to 4.5 cm below the water-sediment interface. There was clear evidence for hyporheic pore water enrichment in Pb, which was unaffected seasonally, while Zn was greater in the summer sampling. These temporal variations of the hyporheic zone composition warrant consideration when accounting for the contribution of disperse inputs to mining impacted catchments, highlighting the need for hyporheic zone studies taking into account differences in seasons.The significance of the observed sediment-scale hyporheic processes on the reach-scale geochemical mass balance was estimated by using surface water geochemical loading calculations. Water metal mass balance from four previous sampling events indicated a constant loss of Mn load, a continuous gain of Pb load and a more temporally variable loss of Zn load for a 700 m stream stretch which included the study site. These results closely agreed with the present observations at the stream bed sediment scale, supporting the importance of hyporheic dynamic solute exchanges in affecting surface water quality for the study stream.

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Cost-effective mini drive-point piezometers and multilevel samplers for monitoring the hyporheic zone

Cited by 43 publications

References 17 publications

Heterogeneous hyporheic zone dechlorination of a TCE groundwater plume discharging to an urban river reach

Heterogeneous hyporheic zone dechlorination of a TCE groundwater plume discharging to an urban river reach

Enhanced hyporheic exchange flow around woody debris does not increase nitrate reduction in a sandy streambed

The hyporheic zone composition of a mining-impacted stream: Evidence by multilevel sampling and DGT measurements

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