Aerogels with porous nanostructures and extremely low
densities
have drawn a lot of interest recently due to their huge potential
applications, but it remains a great challenge to construct tough
aerogels with controllable structures. Herein, monolithic composite
aerogels consisting of para-aramid nanofibers (ANFs) and cellulose
acetate (CA) were successfully fabricated through the “sol–gel-aerogel”
process and supercritical fluid drying. The possible presence of complex
and strong hydrogen bonds between ANFs and CA was verified by attenuated
total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR). To provide
a thorough understanding of ANFs/CA composite aerogels, we carefully
analyzed their gelation process, macromorphology, micromorphology,
porosity, mechanical property, and adsorption capacity. The results
show that CA plays a key role in the structural enhancement, porous
morphology adjustment, and additional functionalities of the ANFs/CA
composite aerogels. ACA-2 exhibited balanced performance across all
samples, which has a specific surface area of 315 m2/g,
an average pore diameter of 8.53 nm, a pore volume of 0.671 m3/g, a bulk density of 0.0269 g/cm3, a porosity
of 98.03%, and a compressive modulus of 1.208 MPa. This work will
contribute to the design and production of polymer-based fibrous aerogels
with ideal chemical and physical properties. ANFs/CA composite aerogels
may have considerable application potential in the fields of filtration,
adsorption, and drug delivery.