“…Geometry-based approaches introduced by Cho etl. [12], Greitans et al [16], Hernández-García et al [21], Kilian et al [28], Lee [32,33], Moravec [45], Wang et al [64], Wu et al [67,69,70], Zhang et al [75], Zhou and Kumar [84,85] are based on the geometrical locations of the vein pattern. Feature extraction methods such as local thresholding, multiscale matched filtering, complex matched filtering, localized Radon transform, directional coding, directional filter bank, etc., are geometry-based approaches.…”