Cost-Benefit Analysis of a Strategy to Vaccinate Healthy Working Adults Against Influenza

Nichol, Kristin L.

doi:10.1001/archinte.161.5.749

Cited by 230 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…18 Since 1989 Ontario has provided yearly influenza vaccinations for persons at high risk of influenza complications (i.e., people with chronic cardiac or pulmonary disorders, those over the age of 65, residents of long-term care facilities and health services workers). The cost-effectiveness of vaccinating low-risk people remains controversial, [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] and although numerous studies have looked at the causes of ED utilization and overcrowding there are no data suggesting influenza causes overcrowding. [31][32][33][34][35][36] However, although universal vaccination may have little influence on ED volumes, vaccinating individuals at high risk for complications arising from influenza provides an average direct cost savings of $117 per person, in addition to reducing the number of hospitalizations and deaths.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can a universal influenza immunization program reduce emergency department volume?

Groll

Henry²

2002

CJEM

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Objectives:In 2000 the Ontario Minister of Health and Long-Term Care announced a universal influenza immunization program for Ontario, Canada. The 2 objectives of this $38-million program were to decrease seasonal impact of influenza on emergency department (ED) visits and to decrease the number and severity of influenza cases. This paper examines the correlation between population influenza rates and ED visits in 5 tertiary care hospitals in Ontario over a 5-year period (1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001). Methods: In this retrospective, observational study, we determined the total number of ED visits during the study period, by month, at 5 tertiary care hospitals in 3 Ontario cities Kingston, London and Ottawa). Detailed ED diagnoses were captured for Kingston, and provincial and national population-based influenza rates were obtained from Health Canada for the 5-year study period. Correlation and regression analyses were used to determine the relationship of influenza rates and ED volumes. "Influenza season" is defined in this study as November 1st to March 31st of each year. Results: There was no significant correlation between influenza rates and ED volumes, with Pearson correlation coefficients (r) of 0.22 (p = 0.72), 0.33 (p = 0.59) and 0.27 (p = 0.66) at the Kingston, London and Ottawa study sites, respectively. Data from the Kingston hospitals showed that, during influenza season, acute respiratory diagnoses accounted for only 4.4% of ED visits and influenza for only 0.34% of visits. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the ED diagnosis of influenza was not significantly related to ED volume. During the influenza season after the universal immunization campaign, ED visits increased at all sites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can a universal influenza immunization program reduce emergency department volume?

Groll

Henry²

2002

CJEM

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“…In the United States alone, the influenza season is associated with an estimated 95,000-172,000 hospitalizations (1, 2) and 21,000-41,000 deaths (3, 4) due to influenza virus infection, costing billions of dollars in health care expenses and lost productivity (1,5) annually. Furthermore, the three influenza pandemics of the last century, occurring in 1918, 1957, and 1968, caused an estimated 50 million (6), Ͼ2 million, and 1 million (7) deaths worldwide, respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

The guinea pig as a transmission model for human influenza viruses

Lowen

Mubareka

Tumpey

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

314

336

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The severity of epidemic and pandemic influenza outbreaks is dictated in part by the efficiency with which the causative strain transmits between human hosts. The mechanisms underlying influenza virus spread are poorly understood, in part because of the lack of a convenient animal model to study this phenomenon. Indeed, despite extremely efficient transmission among humans and virulence in the mouse model, we have shown that even the 1918 pandemic influenza virus does not transmit between mice. We therefore evaluated the guinea pig as a model mammalian host for influenza virus. Using the recent human isolate A͞Panama͞ 2007͞99 (Pan͞99) (H3N2) virus, we found that guinea pigs were highly susceptible to infection with the unadapted virus (ID 50 ‫؍‬ 5 plaque-forming units). Pan͞99 virus grew to high titers in the upper respiratory tract and was shed in nasal washings of infected animals. Moreover, influenza virus was transmitted from infected guinea pigs to noninfected guinea pigs housed in the same cage, an adjacent cage, and a cage placed 91 cm away. Our results demonstrate that influenza virus can pass between guinea pigs by means of droplet spread and thereby establish the suitability of the guinea pig as a model host for influenza virus transmission studies.avian influenza virus ͉ contact spread ͉ droplet spread ͉ pandemic ͉ sentinel

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“…Rabinovici et al (2004) use the estimated willingness to pay of $280 (in real terms adjusted to year 2000 dollars) to avoid a mild case of food-related gastrointestinal illness (estimated originally by Mauskopf and French 1991.) Bloomquist et al (2001) value illnesses associated with coastal bathing water by using the estimated costs of a case of influenza, $380 (including the willingness to pay for illness avoidance, cost of treatment, and lost wages) originally estimated by Nichol (2001). Because gastroenteritis is 2.5 times more likely in beach goers than flu-like symptoms, we follow Rabinovici et al and use a figure of $280 for each case of excess illness.…”

Section: Cost Of Water Related Illnessesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the Economic Benefits of Regional Ocean Observing Systems

et al. 2008

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We develop a methodology to estimate the potential economic benefits from new investments in regional coastal ocean observing systems in US waters, and apply this methodology to generate preliminary estimates of such benefits. The approach focuses on potential economic benefits from coastal ocean observing information within ten geographic regions encompassing all coastal waters of the United States, and within a wide range of industrial and recreational activities including recreational fishing and boating, beach recreation, maritime transportation, search and rescue operations, spill response, marine hazards prediction, offshore energy, power generation, and commercial fishing.Our findings suggest that annual benefits to users from the deployment of ocean observing systems are likely to run in the multiple $100s of millions of dollars per year.The project results should be considered first-order estimates that are subject to considerable refinement as the parameters of regional observing systems are better defined, and as our understanding of user sectors improves.Key Words: economic benefits, ocean observing systems, benefit estimation 3 Executive SummaryThis report summarizes the findings of a preliminary investigation of the magnitude of potential economic benefits that can be realized by deploying a network of ocean observing systems throughout the coastal waters of the United States. Such a network is currently being developed through collaborative efforts of federal, state, and local governments, universities, and organizations in both the non-profit and for-profit sectors.Estimating the economic benefits from ocean observing systems is inherently difficult. Not only are the systems themselves only partially deployed around the country at present; the technology and information products comprising the inputs and outputs of such systems are undergoing such rapid evolution that any estimates can only represent a partial snapshot. Moreover, the economic information needed to compile estimates of both the users of the information generated by such systems and the value they place on such information is only sporadically available and usually incomplete.Therefore this report provides what may be considered "order of magnitude" estimates only, along with recommendations on developing more accurate and useful estimates of economic benefits. Furthermore, there are many possible uses of improved ocean observing systems that have no readily quantifiable economic value but may lead to significant benefits in the future. Prominent among these are the uses of better ocean observing data in a wide range of basic and applied scientific research endeavors and in education programs.The economic benefits of ocean observing systems derive from the value of the information generated by such systems and the effects that information has on the behavior of individuals and organizations. The ideal measure of these economic benefits is the value that users of the information place on it, based on their willingness to p...

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Cost-Benefit Analysis of a Strategy to Vaccinate Healthy Working Adults Against Influenza

Abstract: Influenza vaccination of healthy working adults on average is cost saving. These findings support a strategy of routine, annual vaccination for this group, especially when vaccination occurs in efficient and low-cost sites.

Cited by 230 publications

References 43 publications

Can a universal influenza immunization program reduce emergency department volume?

Can a universal influenza immunization program reduce emergency department volume?

The guinea pig as a transmission model for human influenza viruses

Estimating the Economic Benefits of Regional Ocean Observing Systems

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