Cost and Performance of PC and IGCC Plants for a Range of Carbon Dioxide Capture

Process Design and Economics for the Production of Algal Biomass: Algal Biomass Production in Open Pond Systems and Processing Through Dewatering for Downstream Conversion

“…This parasitic energy demand for CCS is estimated explicitly in Section 6.2 for purposes of evaluating sustainability metrics, based on CCS literature. Recognizing this design case is specific to a 2022 target timeframe, the $45/tonne CO2 cost represents an average future projected price estimate for feasible carbon capture cost from power plant flue gas sources based on three separate technologies and studies: ammonia post-combustion capture in a pulverized coal plant, physical solvent pre-combustion capture in an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant, and a membrane process for a supercritical pulverized coal plant; pipeline transport up to a distance of 80 km was also included in the cost for one of the studies [72][73][74]. This price also is consistent though slightly more conservative compared with DOE's targets for carbon capture via secondgeneration technologies, at a goal of $40/metric tonne CO2 in the 2020-2025 timeframe [75].…”

“…Next, CO2 price also is shown to carry significant impact, with an MBSP increase of $111/ton associated with a CO2 price of $100/metric tonne representing an upper range of projected CO2 costs for carbon capture technologies [72,71]. Alternatively, MBSP would reduce substantially by $91/ton if high-purity CO2 were available at no cost (aside from costs still included for on-site storage and distribution).…”

“…The flue gas composition was taken to be (vol%): 13.47% CO2, 2.38% O2, 15.5% H2O, 0.8% Ar, and 67.85% N2. The water content of this mixture represents saturation at atmospheric pressure and 55°C (131°F), typical stack conditions of coal flue gas following desulfurization [72]. The total peak flue gas requirement for the algal culture is therefore 324,000 kmol/day.…”

“…In this case, the material and energy inventories representative of the carbon capture technology operation were based on averages from four literature sources that presented these details for current pulverized coal post-combustion capture processes integrated with the power plant [72,[118][119][120]. The resulting averaged inputs for the carbon capture process were 1.78 MEA (monoethanolamine) and 582 MJ energy demand per metric tonne of CO2 captured, as well as an output represented by ammonia emissions of 147 g NH3/metric tonne CO2 captured.…”