Cost and Net Return of Tobacco Growers – A Case Study of District Mardan (KP- Pakistan)

Nasrullah, Muhammad; Liu, Chang; Saddozai, Khurram Nawaz; Khalid, Asaad Osman; Bayisenge, Rachel; Hameed, Gulnaz

doi:10.17582/journal.sja/2019/35.2.565.571

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…The projected elasticity of the area shows a 0.64% and 0.02% increase in maize production of TD and DP groups if there is a 1% increase in the area. The results are coinciding with the previous studies of Nasrullah et al (2019) and Zulfiqar et al (2020a), which stated that soil fertility and better management of land can increase production. Likewise, the irrigation application in the projected area is also significant at a 1% significance level for both TD and DP.…”

Section: Correlation Analysissupporting

confidence: 89%

Estimating Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Profitability, and Greenhouse Gas Emission Using Different Methods of Fertilization

et al. 2022

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Fertilization is a way to better use nitrogen fertilizers and increase productivity, but in another way, fertilization is also a source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The study was carried out to measure the profitability ratio, technical efficiency, and CO2 from the top dressing (TD) and deep placement (DP) fertilization. The study was based on primary data, which were collected from different respondents and areas through a well-designed questionnaire. The study finds that DP fertilization is more profitable, least costly, and more efficient than TD fertilization. The finding observed that the yield of the TD growers is 727.82 kg/ha more than that of TD respondents. The efficiency score shows that to reach the 90% efficiency level, the farmers of TD need to use DP fertilization. The farmers of TD and DP can still increase their efficiency up to 12% and 9% by using the same inputs. The findings also clarify that manufacturing of synthetic nitrogen (N), direct use of N, Yield, and Area-Scaled greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the use of synthetic N through TD fertilization are greater than that of the DP group. The farming community needs to be aware of greenhouse gas emissions and how they can be reduced. It is also suggested that farmers need to shift toward DP fertilization to increase yield, profit, efficiency, food security, and reduce GHG emissions.

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Section: Correlation Analysissupporting

confidence: 89%

Estimating Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Profitability, and Greenhouse Gas Emission Using Different Methods of Fertilization

et al. 2022

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“…It is important to check the data before analyzing data for various problems (Nasrullah et al, 2019;Saddozai et al, 2015). Long run equilibrium relationship between non-stationary variable existing in time series data is one of the important issues for economists.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Cointegration Relation among Top Eight Asian Stock Markets

Rizwanullah¹,

Liang²,

Yu³

et al. 2020

OJBM

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Asian stock market faces many favorable and unfavorable incidents of collapsing internal market in last decades. The local investors are interested especially in the countries like China, Malaysia, UAE and Bangladesh which are politically, geographically and strategically important as investment portfolio point of view. The investors have experience of moving many markets together in long run which is a bad news for investors to diversify their investment in different markets. Therefore, the objectives of the study is to find the direction and short and long run association among top eight Asian stock Markets by applying Johansen cointegration test and Granger Causality Test. The augmented unit root test and Phillips-Peron proved the presence of unit root in data at level. The cointegration analysis test based on trace statistics shows five cointegrating equation, while the maximum eigen valve test indicates two cointegrating equation at 5 percent significant level. Results imply that these markets are strongly cointegrated in long term which can diversify local and foreigner investors. The Granger Causality shows that 13 pairs of markets are bidirectional while 12 pairs are unidirectional and 3 pairs have no causality. From the result it is obtained that integrated markets are useful for decreasing the chances of financial stability and asymmetric shocks, which can strengthen the capability of the economy to absorb the shocks and adequate the risk of international financial contagion. It is concluded that for investor views there are still possibilities for efficient portfolio diversification across these markets. In addition further study should be carried out to find the reason of cointegration.

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“…Among the districts sample was distributed proportionately on the basis of tobacco share in total production in each district. The districts of Charsadda and Mardan share 15 and 25 percent in total tobacco production (Nasrullah, et. al., 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco Farming and Illness Induced Poverty in Pakistan

Shahzad

Shah

Chaloupka

2021

JAEBS

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Tobacco has been projected for its economic prosperity in Pakistan and many other developing countries while the opportunity cost of domestic labor, health issues and associated health cost related with tobacco farming are often overlooked. Various health conditions associated with tobacco farming result in catastrophic health expenditures which not only increase the chances of poverty head counts but also deepens it further. Taking into account the opportunity cost of domestic labor and health cost associated with tobacco induced illnesses obscure the tobacco prosperity rhetoric. This study examined effect of incremental health cost associated with tobacco farming on poverty head counts and severity. Using survey data from the tobacco producing districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, this study found that tobacco farmers experienced higher proportion of sever health hazards and illnesses like CVD and respiratory issues. The severe nature of ailments caused them higher share of out of pocket expenditures as compared to non-tobacco farmers and general population. Increase in health expenditures not only increased their poverty head counts by four and half percent but also severity of poverty worsened further by 8 percentage points using the Cost of Basic Needs (CBN) approach for measuring poverty. This study concludes that it is not only tobacco consumption associated with various health conditions but also tobacco farming. It is recommended that health cost associated with tobacco farming be considered both in setting up of minimum indicative prices for tobacco and consideration of health cost can be used as a tool against prosperity rhetoric which is used to block tobacco control policy.

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Cost and Net Return of Tobacco Growers – A Case Study of District Mardan (KP- Pakistan)

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Estimating Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Profitability, and Greenhouse Gas Emission Using Different Methods of Fertilization

Estimating Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Profitability, and Greenhouse Gas Emission Using Different Methods of Fertilization

Exploring the Cointegration Relation among Top Eight Asian Stock Markets

Tobacco Farming and Illness Induced Poverty in Pakistan

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