Cost and carbon reductions from industrial demand-side management: Study of potential savings at a cement plant

Summerbell, Daniel L; Khripko, Diana; Barlow, Claire Y.; Hesselbach, Jens

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.03.083

Cited by 74 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This has been mitigated to some extent with on-site renewables and demand-side flexibility. However, any possible further improvement here is minimal: a case study of an optimised electricity schedule was found to reduce electricity-derived emissions by only 4 % (Summerbell et al, 2017). Providing heat with biomass or waste instead of fossil fuels is a further method to reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with cement production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How much cement can we do without? Lessons from cement material flows in the UK

Shanks

Dunant

Drewniok

et al. 2019

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

119

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Cement manufacture is responsible for 5-7 % of world CO 2 emissions. Cement is primarily used in concrete, the most used material on the planet and a critical part of any analysis of emissions reduction strategy. To estimate the potential for reducing demand, this work analyses material flow in the cement industry, using the uk in 2014 as a case study. Combining published data, analytic assumptions, and interviews we estimated the material flow of cement from the production to a breakdown of its use in applications. Having broken down the demand for cement into 25 applications, multiple material efficiency techniques were considered: substituting cement for calcined clay and limestone, reducing the cement content of concrete, post-tensioning floor slabs, using more precast building elements, reducing construction waste, and reducing the overdesign in construction. We produce a final estimate of the total reduction in emissions achievable from material efficiency: 51.3 %. Due to overlap and interactions between the methods, the attribution of the carbon abatement depends on the sequence of application. In this analysis, we have applied the reduction of overdesign last, because it is independent of the others, and would require a cultural change. We show then that cement demand from floors, repairs and maintenance, concrete beams, and applications within the transport sector should be targeted. The substitution of cement with calcined clay and limestone has the biggest potential to reduce cement demand (27 %) and carbon emissions in the uk. Reducing the amount of cement in concrete has the next highest * Corresponding author Preprint submitted to Elsevier today potential (10 %), followed by post-tensioning floor slabs (3 %).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How much cement can we do without? Lessons from cement material flows in the UK

Shanks

Dunant

Drewniok

et al. 2019

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

119

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“…DSM enables the consumers and gives them a choice to reduce their electricity costs by employing energy conservation techniques and shifting the peak hours' load to off-peak hours. The benefits assessment of DSM for USA and UK are documented in [54][55][56], where the authors report that DSM improves the distribution network's efficiency, resulting in reduced CO 2 emissions by maximizing the use of renewable energy resources.…”

Section: Demand-side Management Classifications and Their Roles In Comentioning

confidence: 99%

A Compendium of Performance Metrics, Pricing Schemes, Optimization Objectives, and Solution Methodologies of Demand Side Management for the Smart Grid

Ahmad

Naeem

et al. 2018

Energies

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The curtailing of consumers’ peak hours demands and filling the gap caused by the mismatch between generation and utilization in power systems is a challenging task and also a very hot topic in the current research era. Researchers of the conventional power grid in the traditional power setup are confronting difficulties to figure out the above problem. Smart grid technology can handle these issues efficiently. In the smart grid, consumer demand can be efficiently managed and handled by employing demand-side management (DSM) algorithms. In general, DSM is an important element of smart grid technology. It can shape the consumers’ electricity demand curve according to the given load curve provided by the utilities/supplier. In this survey, we focused on DSM and potential applications of DSM in the smart grid. The review in this paper focuses on the research done over the last decade, to discuss the key concepts of DSM schemes employed for consumers’ demand management. We review DSM schemes under various categories, i.e., direct load reduction, load scheduling, DSM based on various pricing schemes, DSM based on optimization types, DSM based on various solution approaches, and home energy management based DSM. A comprehensive review of DSM performance metrics, optimization objectives, and solution methodologies is’ also provided in this survey. The role of distributed renewable energy resources (DERs) in achieving the optimization objectives and performance metrics is also revealed. The unpredictable nature of DERs and their impact on DSM are also exposed. The motivation of this paper is to contribute by providing a better understanding of DSM and the usage of DERs that can satisfy consumers’ electricity demand with efficient scheduling to achieve the performance metrics and optimization objectives.

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“…Although DSM activities require cost, However, DSM programs have the potential to reduce electricity costs associated. It does so by rescheduling production to low periods, without loss of overall production, within the constraints of available inventory . Moreover, it is expected that the DSM activities reduce the energy losses and the associated costs.Corollary For the market program with the Lagrangian function , if the load curve of bus n is modified by DSM programs, the variation of cost can be obtained based on LI n definition in Corollary as follows:

normalΔ C_{total} = normalΔ C_{E_{italicloss}} + normalΔ C_{market} + C_{{italicDSM}_{italictotal}} = \sum_{t} ((), ((), {LI}_{n ((), t)} \times C_{italicloss ((), t)} + {LMP}_{n ((), t)}) normalΔ P_{n ((), t)}) + C_{DSM} \times max ((), normalΔ P_{n ((), t)})

…”

Section: Cost‐worth Analytical Study Of Dsm Programs Considering Enermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It does so by rescheduling production to low periods, without loss of overall production, within the constraints of available inventory. [19][20][21] Moreover, it is expected that the DSM activities reduce the energy losses and the associated costs.…”

Section: Effects Of Dsm Programs On the Cost Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-worth analytical assessment of demand-side management (DSM) programs, considering energy losses with the structural generation decomposition: A market-based approach

Ghaznavi

Hajiabadi

2018

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary This paper presents an integrated framework for the cost‐worth analytical assessment of demand‐side management (DSM) programs, considering energy losses. This goal is achieved in 3 steps. At first, after solving the market problem, the sensitivity of each line flow to the each load bus is analyzed by using the structural generation decomposition, considering network congestion. Then, the Loss Index is analytically defined by using the sensitivity factors. Finally, the energy loss and the cost variation due to applying DSM programs are analytically decomposed. The energy loss variation is divided up into 2 terms: the energy loss variation at pick hours and off‐pick period. The total cost variation consists of 3 terms: the cost of energy losses, market, and DSM activities. The proposed approach can be used to indicate the appropriate busses and network for applying DSM programs considering the energy losses. The numerical results of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 24‐bus test system demonstrate the efficiency of the method.

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Cost and carbon reductions from industrial demand-side management: Study of potential savings at a cement plant

Cited by 74 publications

References 29 publications

How much cement can we do without? Lessons from cement material flows in the UK

How much cement can we do without? Lessons from cement material flows in the UK

A Compendium of Performance Metrics, Pricing Schemes, Optimization Objectives, and Solution Methodologies of Demand Side Management for the Smart Grid

Cost-worth analytical assessment of demand-side management (DSM) programs, considering energy losses with the structural generation decomposition: A market-based approach

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