Cost analysis of pneumonia treatment in the Philippines

Liu, Kehui; Dong, Hengjin; Sauerborn, Rainer

doi:10.1002/hpm.711

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Estas diferencias se explican por los rubros de medicamentos, servicios complementarios y pruebas diagnósticas, lo que concuerda con los resultados de estudios similares (16,17). El dato de que las estancias en la UCI se explican esencialmente por los casos presuntamente bacterianos apoya también el uso de la radiografía de tórax como recurso diferenciador para estudios epidemiológicos o de costos.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Costos económicos de las neumonías en niños menores de 2 años de edad, en Colombia

Alvis-Guzmán¹,

Restrepo²,

Higuera

et al. 2005

Rev Panam Salud Publica

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Objetivos. Analizar los costos de las neumonías presuntamente virales y bacterianas diagnosticadas por radiografía en centros de referencia de tres ciudades colombianas. Métodos. Se estudiaron 128 casos de neumonía (IC95%, 532,80) y los de las presuntamente virales, de 472,20 US$ (IC95%, 331,60) . Las diferencias observadas se explican por los costos directos, en particular de los medicamentos (antibióticos), servicios especiales y pruebas diagnósticas. Dada la similar procedencia de las familias de ambas poblaciones, los costos indirectos no mostraron diferencias y su participación en los costos totales no se consideró relevante. Conclusiones. El estudio reveló diferencias en los costos de la atención de las neumonías presuntamente bacterianas y virales, y se aproximó a los costos indirectos generados por estas entidades patológicas. Tales diferencias permiten inferir que el método de diagnóstico utilizado, que fue la radiografía de tórax, tuvo la capacidad de diferenciar los sucesos de interés. Puesto que en la Región son escasos los estudios económicos que valoren los costos de la neumonía en niños, el presente puede servir de referencia para futuras investigaciones sobre el impacto de las intervenciones en las neumonías.Costos de la atención médica, neumonía, Colombia. RESUMENDe los 10 millones de muertes de menores de 5 años que se registran cada año en el mundo, cerca de 99% ocurren en los países menos desarrollados y 70% de ellas son consecuencia de enfermedades infecciosas. En particular, 1 856 000 de los fallecimientos registrados en este grupo en el año 2002 se atribuyeron a infecciones respiratorias agudas (neumonías en su inmensa mayoría); la cifra no incluye muertes por sarampión, tos ferina ni complica-

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Costos económicos de las neumonías en niños menores de 2 años de edad, en Colombia

Alvis-Guzmán¹,

Restrepo²,

Higuera

et al. 2005

Rev Panam Salud Publica

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“…In a study of pneumonia, it was revealed that private hospitals are more expensive than their counterpart government hospitals (Liu et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The public-private differential in health care and health-care costs in India: the case of inpatients

Chungkham

2009

J Public Health

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Aim In India the public health-care system is unable to keep pace with the growing need, and the country has witnessed unprecedented growth in the number of private health-care institutions. However, the pattern of utilization of public and private health-care facilities and the cost of treatment in these hospitals remains unclear; thus, this is the main objective of this study. Subjects and methods The study explores the data of 6,726 inpatients hospitalized for treatment of diarrheal diseases, heart disease, tuberculosis, urological diseases and gynecological disorders from a nationally representative survey on health care conducted by the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO 2006) in its 60th round in 2004. A multilevel model, with patients (first level) nested in states (second level), was used to unearth the adjusted costs of hospitalization for people of different backgrounds. Logistic regression was used to obtain the adjusted odds of choosing public facilities compared to private facilities by ailment type, hospital characteristics and patient backgrounds.Results The analysis revealed that more than 58 percent of the patients have utilized private health-care facilities in India. As expected, the mean cost of treatment in private hospitals is Rs. 5,019 after adjusting for confounders compared to Rs. 1,307 for public hospitals. The mean adjusted cost of treatment of heart diseases is Rs. 5,981, followed by Rs. 5,402, Rs. 4,616, Rs. 2,478 and Rs. 891 for urological diseases, gynecological disorders, tuberculosis and diarrheal diseases, respectively. Better off patients incurred the highest out-of-pocket costs, in the range of Rs. 4,967 to Rs. 8,457. It is evident that for the diseases considered in the study, the private sector plays an important role in providing health facilities. Conclusion The cost of hospitalization in private health facilities is considerably higher compared to that of public facilities as far as the five ailments are concerned. Among the ailments, chronic conditions were seen to consume higher costs of treatment. However, more people opted for the unregulated private facilities.

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“…Human milk contains a wealth of immunologic factors that fight against infections during infancy, and breast milk has evolved to provide the best nutrition, immune protection, regulation of growth, development and metabolism for the human infant. 3 The predominant antibody in breast milk-secretory IgA, confers its immune protection by inhibiting the adherence to or penetration of the gastrointestinal tract by pathogens and by phagocytosis of pathogens. Secretory IgA also provide immunological protection to the infant, whilst its own immune system matures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exclusive Breastfeeding from Birth to 6 Months for Reducing Community Acquired Pneumonia in Children Up to 5 Years of Age: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ditangco¹,

Abiog-Castro²

2020

PIDSPJ

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Background: Exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months of age is the global recommendation of the World Health Organization because of its established benefits. Previous studies show that exclusive breastfeeding can protect infants during infancy but effects of breastfeeding beyond infancy are inconclusive. This study aims to identify if exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months of age is protective for pneumonia up to 5 years of age. Methods: Systematic literature search was conducted on the following electronic databases: Pubmed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SciHub, Herdin, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to identify all relevant studies assessing the effect of exclusive breastfeeding on development of pneumonia in children from birth to 5 years of age. Fixed effects meta-analysis was performed to generate pooled effect estimates (odds ratio) on the probability of developing pneumonia up to 5 years of age in exclusively breastfed compared to non-exclusively breastfed infants. Results: Five studies were included in the analysis. Exclusive breastfeeding from birth to 6 months has a protective effect against pneumonia in children up to 5 years of age. The probability of developing pneumonia in children until 5 years of age was significantly lower in those who were exclusively breastfed compared to those who were not exclusively breastfed (OR=0.86; 95%CI=0.77-0.95, pvalue=0.003) by 23%. Systematic review showed benefit of exclusive breastfeeding and continued breastfeeding for longer protection against developing pneumonia. Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding from birth to 6 months is associated with statistically significant reduction in the incidence of pneumonia up to 5 years of age. Results highlighted the importance of exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months of age as an intervention in reducing pneumonia morbidity up to 5 years of age, thereby supporting the global recommendation of breastfeeding.

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Cost analysis of pneumonia treatment in the Philippines

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Costos económicos de las neumonías en niños menores de 2 años de edad, en Colombia

Costos económicos de las neumonías en niños menores de 2 años de edad, en Colombia

The public-private differential in health care and health-care costs in India: the case of inpatients

Exclusive Breastfeeding from Birth to 6 Months for Reducing Community Acquired Pneumonia in Children Up to 5 Years of Age: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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