Cost Analysis of Eye Surgeries and Comparison with Approved Governmental Tariffs

Janati, Ali; Khosravi, Mohammad Farough; Imani, Ali; Javadzadeh, Alireza; Gharamaleki, Mohammadali Mazhar

doi:10.5812/jhealthscope.39948

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Specifically, in the age groups of 55 -65 years and 65 -75 years, the prevalence of against-the-rule astigmatism was twice as high as that of with-the-rule astigmatism. Interestingly, studies conducted by Shahroud, Singapore, Bangladesh, and Chinese individuals living in Taiwan have reported a higher prevalence of astigmatism in older individuals (15,36,39). In this study, the prevalence of the rule astigmatism was higher in younger age groups compared to older age groups.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

Prevalence of Refractive Errors and Associated Factors in the Population of the Eye Cohort Study in Southeast Iran

Shahraki,

Tahkor,

Shahraki Sanavi

et al. 2023

Health Scope

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Objectives: The study aims to determine the age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of refractive errors and its related factors among the adult population of southeastern Iran. Methods: The current study included 9280 individuals aged 35 to 70 years using a multistage random sample method from October 2015 to January 2019 as a part of a Persian cohort study in Zahedan. Uncorrected and corrected vision, objective noncycloplegic, and subjective refraction were measured, with all participants undergoing ophthalmoscopy, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fundoscopy, refraction, and retinoscopy. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 statistic software and described as percentage, odds ratio, and 95% confidence interval. Comparisons between groups and relationships among risk factors and refractive errors were performed with chi-square, nominal, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of low and moderate myopia, high myopia, low and moderate hyperopia, high hyperopia, low and moderate astigmatism, and high astigmatism was 24.2 (95% CI: 22.40 - 25.90), 1.5(95% CI: 0.00 - 3.53), 16.1(95% CI: 14.20 - 17.90), 1.3(95% CI: 0.00 - 3.30), 35.6 (95% CI: 33.90 - 37.30), and 3.8 (95% CI: 1.80 - 5.70) percent, respectively. The prevalence of refractive errors significantly varied across different age groups overall and by sex (P = 0.01). The proportion of refractive errors also significantly differed by education (P = < 0.001). The prevalence of against the rule, with the rule, and oblique astigmatism was 32.8 % (95% CI: 31.10 - 34.20), 42.1% (40.50 - 43.60), and 24.9% (23.10 - 26.60), respectively. The risk of astigmatism was significantly lower in men than in women (OR = 0.75; 95 % CI: 0.60 - 0.90). Based on multiple regression, the risk of myopia (OR = 2.07; 95 % CI: 1.60 - 2.60) and hyperopia (OR = 25.38; 95 % CI: 18.70 - 34.3) was higher in the age group 65 to 75 years compared to the younger group. Conclusions: The present study provided valuable information on the prevalence of refractive errors in the adult population in south-eastern Iran. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive eye care services, particularly for older individuals and those with lower education levels. Further prospective research is warranted to explore the factors contributing to refractive errors and to develop effective strategies for its prevention and management.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

Prevalence of Refractive Errors and Associated Factors in the Population of the Eye Cohort Study in Southeast Iran

Shahraki,

Tahkor,

Shahraki Sanavi

et al. 2023

Health Scope

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“…Following the purpose of the study, it was observed that the cost of providing the rehabilitation services at the ARC is much higher than the government's tariffs for these services. Although the ARC is a public institution and its losses are offset by the government budget, it is very likely that other rehabilitation centers will be in a similar situation [14,32,33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, avoiding the leasing costs (through resources reallocation like purchasing a building or integration with other rehabilitation institutions) can play an important role in the profitability of the institution's services. The rent and cost of buildings depreciation in Iran is burdensome [16,32], and so the provision of rehabilitation services in joint settings, avoiding geographical dispersion, can help to reduce service provider's costs and make their services more profitable. This matter emphasises the importance of resource management and the production scale in the ARC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, the use of the TDABC in this sector could be effective in determining the exact contribution of each type of human resources to the total cost. Studies in Iran have often considered lump sum personnel costs regardless of the time required to provide health care services [32,34], that is why the personnel cost makes up a large portion of total costs and makes health care services so expensive. Therefore, use of the TDABC method can be a remedy for controlling costs and price inflation in the health sector.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Costing the outpatient rehabilitation services: time-driven activity-based costing approach

Mohammadpour

Basakha

Kamal

et al. 2022

Cost Eff Resour Alloc

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Background Considering the importance of healthcare services costing in resource allocation, the aim of this study is to calculate the cost of rehabilitation services in an outpatient rehabilitation clinic in Tehran, Iran. Methods The data for this study were categorised as financial data and information about the process of rehabilitation services. The first category was extracted from the financial documents and the second was obtained by observation of patient flow and interviews with the clinic staff in 2016. The cost of rehabilitation services has been estimated using the time-driven activity-based costing approach. Results The findings show that the cost of physical occupational therapy in the Asma rehabilitation center was $18.79 per unit of service. This amount for speech therapy services was $17.23 to $19.40, taking into account the difference in the quality of the service delivered. The cost of mental health occupational therapy service was between $19.46 and $23.57. Comparing the cost of these services with the government’s tariffs makes it clear that there is a huge gap. Conclusion The limited number of patients referred to the center makes the cost of one unit of rehabilitation services much higher than the official tariffs. This is true for almost all similar institutions and makes the profitability of small rehabilitation institutions extremely unstable. Therefore, proper marketing for rehabilitation services by promoting patient referral links with larger healthcare centers and reallocation of resources to the formation of integrated rehabilitation complexes can play a significant role in their profitability.

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“…Following the purpose of the study, it was observed that the cost of providing most rehabilitation services in the Nezam-Mafi Rehabilitation Center is higher than the government tariffs for these services. Although Nezam Mafi Rehabilitation Center is a government service provider institution whose losses are compensated by the government budget, other rehabilitation centers likely run similarly [16,17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the Unit Cost of Outpatient Rehabilitation Services in the Nezam-Mafi Rehabilitation Center in Tehran, Iran Using the Time-driven Activity-based Costing Method

Basakha,

Khorasani,

Hosseini Zare

et al. 2023

jrehab

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Objective One of the basic challenges of health care centers is the inflation of the costs of services. Rehabilitation services play a significant role in restoring disabled people's functional ability. Having knowledge of the unit cost of rehabilitation services can be useful in optimal allocation of resources and budget. This study aims to calculate the unit cost of outpatient rehabilitation services provided by the Nezam-Mafi Rehabilitation Center (NMRC) in Tehran, Iran.Materials & Methods This is a descriptive, retrospective study with a cross-sectional design. The time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) method was used to determine the unit cost for 9 outpatient rehabilitation services related to speech therapy, occupational therapy, physiotherapy and audiology provided by the NMRC in 2019. In the first step, the sequence of each activity was mapped in one code (service). Then, the resources needed to perform each activity were identified and the source of cost for each activity was specified. In the next step, the cost driver for each specific sources and the amount of their use in each activity were determined. Due to the importance of personnel costs, this stage was done with more attention on the time required to provide each activity. In this regard, the cost of each minute of service compensation was calculated by considering the annual attendance time of personnel and their salary expenses. Finally, the costs of each unit of the production factor and the total cost for each code (service) were determined. Results In the NMRC, the costs of renting (47.9%), consumable materials and supplies (11.6%), and contracted services (10.5%) made up the highest percentage of costs. The costs of outpatient rehabilitation services (except for speech therapy) were higher than official tariffs for these services. The cost of specialized personnel for physiotherapy services and the cost of building in occupational therapy, speech therapy, and audiology services had the highest share in their unit costs. The total cost of staff personnel was estimated at 3.904 Rials per minute (RPM), which was higher than the specialized professional for pediatric occupational therapy (2046 RPM), occupational therapy (1929 RPM), speech therapy (1899 RPM), and audiology (1974 RPM). The high overhead costs of outpatient rehabilitation services (24.5% of the total cost( were one of the primary reasons for the gap between the average costs and tariffs. Conclusion There is a considerable gap between the cost of some services in the NMRC and the related tariffs. Due to the low capacity of service provision in the NMRC, overhead costs have led to the inflation of the cost of services in this center. Therefore, the consolidation of small institutions and improving the referral system for people with disabilities from medical centers can reduce the unit cost of services. Considering that most rehabilitation services are not covered by the social security insurance and are not affordable for patients, a national-level reform should be prepared...

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Cost Analysis of Eye Surgeries and Comparison with Approved Governmental Tariffs

Abstract: Background: Cost and cost analysis is a managerial tool that can place needed data at managers' disposal and help them in making informed decisions in investing services and infrastructures.

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Prevalence of Refractive Errors and Associated Factors in the Population of the Eye Cohort Study in Southeast Iran

Prevalence of Refractive Errors and Associated Factors in the Population of the Eye Cohort Study in Southeast Iran

Costing the outpatient rehabilitation services: time-driven activity-based costing approach

Determining the Unit Cost of Outpatient Rehabilitation Services in the Nezam-Mafi Rehabilitation Center in Tehran, Iran Using the Time-driven Activity-based Costing Method

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