“…Additionally, as shown in Figure 6e, when a mixture of NAP, PHE, PYR, and BaP was present, adding the biosurfactant did not only affect the solubility of each individual compound but also exhibited a synergistic solubilization effect on them. Similar results were also obtained by Liang et al [29], where the solubility of the mixture of PHE and PYR increased by 15.38% and 18.19% (compared to the solubility of the individual compounds), respectively, when Triton X-100 was added to the solution. This may be due to the solubilization of low-molecular-weight PAHs, which reduced the interfacial tension and increased the volume of hydrophobic centers, collectively promoting the solubility of the remaining PAHs [25].…”
Section: Biosurfactant Effects On the Solubilization Of Pahssupporting
The treatment and reuse of wastewater are crucial for the effective utilization and protection of global water resources. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as one of the most common organic pollutants in industrial wastewater, are difficult to remove due to their relatively low solubility and bioavailability in the water environment. However, biosurfactants with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups are effective in overcoming these difficulties. Therefore, a biosurfactant-producing strain Pseudomonas mosselii MP-6 was isolated in this study to enhance the bioavailability and biodegradation of PAHs, especially high-molecular-weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs). FTIR and LC-MS analysis showed that the MP-6 surfactant belongs to rhamnolipids, a type of biopolymer, which can reduce the water surface tension from 73.20 mN/m to 30.61 mN/m at a critical micelle concentration (CMC = 93.17 mg/L). The enhanced solubilization and biodegradation of PAHs, particularly HMW-PAHs (when MP-6 was introduced), were also demonstrated in experiments. Furthermore, comprehensive environmental stress tolerance tests were conducted to confirm the robustness of the MP-6 biosurfactant, which signifies the potential adaptability and applicability of this biosurfactant in diverse environmental remediation scenarios. The results of this study, therefore, have significant implications for future applications in the treatment of wastewater containing HMW-PAHs, such as coking wastewater.
“…Additionally, as shown in Figure 6e, when a mixture of NAP, PHE, PYR, and BaP was present, adding the biosurfactant did not only affect the solubility of each individual compound but also exhibited a synergistic solubilization effect on them. Similar results were also obtained by Liang et al [29], where the solubility of the mixture of PHE and PYR increased by 15.38% and 18.19% (compared to the solubility of the individual compounds), respectively, when Triton X-100 was added to the solution. This may be due to the solubilization of low-molecular-weight PAHs, which reduced the interfacial tension and increased the volume of hydrophobic centers, collectively promoting the solubility of the remaining PAHs [25].…”
Section: Biosurfactant Effects On the Solubilization Of Pahssupporting
The treatment and reuse of wastewater are crucial for the effective utilization and protection of global water resources. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as one of the most common organic pollutants in industrial wastewater, are difficult to remove due to their relatively low solubility and bioavailability in the water environment. However, biosurfactants with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups are effective in overcoming these difficulties. Therefore, a biosurfactant-producing strain Pseudomonas mosselii MP-6 was isolated in this study to enhance the bioavailability and biodegradation of PAHs, especially high-molecular-weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs). FTIR and LC-MS analysis showed that the MP-6 surfactant belongs to rhamnolipids, a type of biopolymer, which can reduce the water surface tension from 73.20 mN/m to 30.61 mN/m at a critical micelle concentration (CMC = 93.17 mg/L). The enhanced solubilization and biodegradation of PAHs, particularly HMW-PAHs (when MP-6 was introduced), were also demonstrated in experiments. Furthermore, comprehensive environmental stress tolerance tests were conducted to confirm the robustness of the MP-6 biosurfactant, which signifies the potential adaptability and applicability of this biosurfactant in diverse environmental remediation scenarios. The results of this study, therefore, have significant implications for future applications in the treatment of wastewater containing HMW-PAHs, such as coking wastewater.
“…Some tests had been recognized for the screening of potential bio-surfactant producing microbes. These tests have been broadly explored by different authors and consist of the following: haemolytic test, a measure of surface/interfacial tension, emulsification index/assay and oil displacement [19,3,37 ]. By utilizing some of these screening approaches, the potential for bio-surfactant production efficacy of isolate A7 was investigated.…”
This study investigated the capacity of cellulose and hydrocarbon degrading bacterium isolated from the rumen of a cow to solubilise hydrocarbon. The bacterium was isolated from the rumen fluid of cow and its capacity to degrade cellulose was screened on carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) agar plate and the ability to degrade crude oil was carried out using Bonny Light crude. Solubilisation of hydrocarbon was determined by carrying out emulsification index (E24) using kerosene. Other bio-surfactant characteristics such as blood haemolysis, tilted slide capacity and oil displacement were tested also. The bacterium was identified based on phenotypic, biochemical and molecular characteristics. The isolate achieved 48.17% degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) within 14 days with emulsification index of 54.5%. The isolate also produced clear zone on agar plate containing CMC as the sole carbon source. Phylogenetic tree analyses classified the bacterial isolate as Chitinophaga terrae. The sequences have been deposited to GenBank under the accession number KJ076216.1. This study has demonstrated that the novel strain of Chitinophaga terrae used in this study not only has the capacity for multiple substrate utilization, but also has the capacity to produce bio-surfactant. Considering that the isolate was obtain from the rumen of cow it shows that rumen content may harbour bacteria with diverse economical and ecologically-friendly product, which may be utilized for bioremediation of crude oil contaminated systems.
“…Only a limited number of studies have investigated the micellar solubilization of mixtures of organic compounds relevant to environmental remediation, but these have mainly been limited to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and perylene (Ashraf et al, 2020; Bernardez & Ghoshal, 2004; Chong et al, 2014; Liang et al, 2016; Masrat et al, 2013; Prak & Pritchard, 2002). The results from these studies were not consistent, where the observed solubilization behavior was ideal for certain PAH combinations but not for others.…”
Although non‐aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) are typically released to the environment as complex mixtures, most investigations of subsurface remediation focus on single contaminants and ignore the potential effects of co‐constituents on mass recovery and groundwater plume evolution. In this study, we investigate the dissolution and micellar solubilization of binary NAPL mixtures in completely mixed batch reactors and heterogeneous aquifer cells using a commercially‐available nonionic surfactant, Tween® 80. Micellar solubilization of trichloroethene (TCE), tetrachloroethene (PCE), decane, and dodecane measured in batch studies containing binary mixtures of TCE/PCE or decane/dodecane exhibited nonideal behavior that could not be predicted using Raoult's law. For a mixed PCE/decane NAPL, micellar solubilization of PCE was approximately 40% less than predicted, while decane was over 100% greater, which was attributed to expansion of the micelle core. In two aquifer cells containing different size fractions of quartz sand and low‐permeability lenses, the initial NAPL (1:1 TCE:PCE) saturation distributions resulted in “pool” fractions (PFs) of 0.88 and 0.36. During the initial water flood, the greater aqueous solubility of TCE relative to PCE resulted in preferential removal of TCE from the source zone. However, when a 4% (wt) solution of Tween® 80 was introduced, preferential micellar solubilization of PCE relative to TCE resulted in enhanced removal of PCE, with TCE mass discharge reduced from 97% and 90% and PCE mass discharge reduced from 79% and 53%. The observed relationships between mass discharge and mass removal indicating that plume evolution is strongly influenced by the initial NAPL saturation distribution, changes in the mole fraction of NAPL constituents, and regions of high NAPL saturation that persist over time.
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