COSMOS: The COsmic-ray Soil Moisture Observing System

Zréda, Marek; Shuttleworth, W. James; Zeng, Xubin; Zweck, C.; Desilets, Darin; Franz, Trenton E.; Rosolem, Rafael; Ferré, T. P. A.

doi:10.5194/hessd-9-4505-2012

Cited by 75 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…chemically defended leaves). However, to provide some guidance as to the potential frequency of water-mediated top-down effects, we examined volumetric soil moisture measurements across the United States (US) using the COSMOS Soil Moisture Network database [48] and found that soil moistures below 6.81% can be found in 49% of the 65 US measurement locations, over the 7 year period from 2008 to 2014-even mesic locations in the southeastern US and in northern Wisconsin and Michigan showed values below this threshold, but the greatest frequency was within the US sunbelt (electronic supplementary material, figure S5). These results correspond well to previous suggestions that patterns of animal species richness are at least partially limited by water at all but the highest latitudes (energy only at more than 508; [7]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal water balance drives top-down effects in a riparian forest—implications for terrestrial trophic cascades

McCluney

Sabo

2016

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Despite the clear importance of water balance to the evolution of terrestrial life, much remains unknown about the effects of animal water balance on food webs. Based on recent research suggesting animal water imbalance can increase trophic interaction strengths in cages, we hypothesized that water availability could drive top-down effects in open environments, influencing the occurrence of trophic cascades. We manipulated large spider abundance and water availability in 20 Â 20 m open-air plots in a streamside forest in Arizona, USA, and measured changes in cricket and small spider abundance and leaf damage. As expected, large spiders reduced both cricket abundance and herbivory under ambient, dry conditions, but not where free water was added. When water was added (free or within moist leaves), cricket abundance was unaffected by large spiders, but spiders still altered herbivory, suggesting behavioural effects. Moreover, we found thresholdtype increases in herbivory at moderately low soil moisture (between 5.5% and 7% by volume), suggesting the possibility that water balance may commonly influence top-down effects. Overall, our results point towards animal water balance as an important driver of direct and indirect species interactions and food web dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal water balance drives top-down effects in a riparian forest—implications for terrestrial trophic cascades

McCluney

Sabo

2016

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…Further information of such advances can be found in a number of synthesis papers devoted to some of these techniques (e.g., Robinson et al, 2008;Zreda et al, 2012).…”

Section: Summary and Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dryland ecohydrology and climate change: critical issues and technical advances

Wang

D’Odorico

Evans

et al. 2012

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

262

135

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Abstract. Drylands cover about 40 % of the terrestrial land surface and account for approximately 40 % of global net primary productivity. Water is fundamental to the biophysical processes that sustain ecosystem function and food production, particularly in drylands where a tight coupling exists between ecosystem productivity, surface energy balance, biogeochemical cycles, and water resource availability. Currently, drylands support at least 2 billion people and comprise both natural and managed ecosystems. In this synthesis, we identify some current critical issues in the understanding of dryland systems and discuss how arid and semiarid environments are responding to the changes in climate and land use. The issues range from societal aspects such as rapid population growth, the resulting food and water security, and development issues, to natural aspects such as ecohydrological consequences of bush encroachment and the causes of desertification. To improve current understanding and inform upon the needed research efforts to address these critical issues, we identify some recent technical advances in terms of monitoring dryland water dynamics, water budget and vegetation water use, with a focus on the use of stable isotopes and remote sensing. These technological advances provide new tools that assist in addressing critical issues in dryland ecohydrology under climate change.

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“…Z kolei Hendrick i Edge wykazali, że intensywność "szybkich" neutronów nad powierzchnią ziemi zależy od zawartości wilgoci w glebie [5], co zostało wykorzystane do jej pomiaru [6,7]. Wodór posiada największą siłę hamowania i usuwania neutronów [1,8], co stanowi podstawę pomiaru wilgotności gleby metodą neutronów kosmogenicznych. Większa ilość wody w glebie skutkuje większym wyhamowaniem neutronów, powodując zmniejszenie ich ilości nad jej powierzchnią.…”

Section: Wprowadzenieunclassified