Cosmology without Einstein's assumption that inertial mass produces gravity

Abstract

Giving up Einstein's assumption, implicit in his 1916 field equations, that inertial mass, even in its appearance as energy, is equivalent to active gravitational mass and therefore is a source of gravity allows revising the field equations to a form in which a positive cosmological constant is seen to (mis)represent a uniform negative net mass density of gravitationally attractive and gravitationally repulsive matter. Field equations with both positive and negative active gravitational mass densities of both primordial and continuously created matter incorporated, along with two scalar fields to 'relax the constraints' on the space-time geometry, yield cosmological solutions that exhibit inflation, deceleration, coasting, acceleration, and a 'big bounce' instead of a 'big bang', and provide good fits to a Hubble diagram of type Ia supernovae data. The repulsive matter is identified as the back sides of the 'drainholes' introduced by the author in 1973 as solutions of those same field equations. Drainholes (prototypical examples of 'traversable wormholes') are topological tunnels in space which gravitationally attract on their front, entrance sides and repel more strongly on their back, exit sides. The front sides serve both as the gravitating cores of the visible, baryonic particles of primordial matter and as the continuously created, invisible particles of the 'dark matter' needed to hold together the large scale structures seen in the universe; the back sides serve as the misnamed 'dark energy' driving the current acceleration of the expansion of the universe. Formation of cosmic voids, walls, filaments, and nodes is attributed to expulsion of drainhole entrances from regions populated by drainhole exits, and accumulation of the entrances on boundaries separating those regions.PACS numbers: PACS numbers: 98.80. Jk, 98.80.Cq, 95.35.+d, 95.36.+x

The gravitational mass of the rarefied cloud of the relativistic massive particles

“…This served as the basis for the introduction of the hydrodynamic tensor T j i = (c 2 ρ + p)u j u i − δ j i p with density ρ and pressure p of frictionless adiabatic fluid as a source of matter gravitation in field equations. In [2,3] it is stated that the identification of inertial and active gravitational masses is erroneous, and the energy-momentum tensor T j i should be determined by the density of the active gravitational mass and the potential of the scalar field. In present paper the active gravitational mass of a rarefied cloud of relativistic material particles was obtained based on the properties of Lorentz transformations and the geometry of Schwarzschild space-time.…”

Visible, invisible and trapped ghosts as sources of wormholes and black universes

“…On the other hand, phantom fields naturally appear in some models of string theory [6], supergravities [7] and theories in more than 11 dimensions [8]. One more viewpoint of interest is [9] that a phantom field, being a source of gravity, can exist without its own dynamics and therefore escape the related problems with quantum particle creation.…”